Christmas carol Essay

In a Christmas carol by Charles Dickens, scrooge becomes a reformed character by the end of the story. Explain how effectively Dickens shows the extent of these character changes. The story tells of scrooge who is transported through time to the Christmas’ of his childhood, the present and the future. The following essay will take you through these time periods. At the beginning of the story scrooge is portrayed as a dull, bleak character. On the front cover for example we can see scrooge in a dark room on his own. The only light is from the small candle on his mantle piece. He has grey hair and a long pointy nose. Scrooge’s personality was very negative and dull. We know that his attitude is bad as when his nephew wishes him a merry Christmas he replies â€Å"bah, humbug. â€Å"scrooges nephew then again wishes scrooge a merry Christmas but again only gets a response of â€Å"what reason have you to be merry, you’re poor enough † when scrooges nephew replies â€Å"you’re rich enough what reason have you to be dismissal† scrooge has no answer to that question. As well as showing us scrooge’s negative personality it also shows us his attitude towards Christmas. Scrooge also has a negative attitude towards the poor. We learn about this as when the charity collectors come, one says â€Å"at this time of year it is usually more than desirable that we should make some slight provision for the poor. † â€Å"Are there no prisons† replied scrooge At hearing this, the inspector says â€Å"yes plenty, but many can’t go there and many would rather die. † A cold hearted scrooge then replies â€Å"well then they had better do it quick and decrease the surplus population. † The collectors were astonished and after this they realised there would be no point in pursuing there point. The gentlemen left. After this incident a couple of carol singers called at scrooge’s house. As soon as scrooge opened the door he raised a large stick and the small boys fled. At the end of the story scrooge became a completely reformed character. He walked the streets with a smile on his face; he then also went to church and watched the people hurrying to and fro. He looked into kitchens of houses and found that anything could yield him pleasure. Earlier on in the story scrooge was invited to his nephews Christmas dinner. He rejected the invite. Later that afternoon he turned his steps towards the party. He walked in and said â€Å"where is my love† â€Å"He’s in the dining room â€Å"said the servant. Scrooge made his way to the dining room and when he walked in everyone looked at him bemused. â€Å"Why bless my soul† cried Fred â€Å"who’s that† â€Å"Its I, your uncle scrooge, I have come to dinner. Will you let me in Fred? † â€Å"Of course† replied Fred. After the party instead of scrooges usual party pooper image he cried â€Å"wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, wonderful happiness. † Scrooge was completely reformed. Another thing that proved scrooges reformation was when Bob Cratchit turned up late for work. He was pleading with scrooge not to fire him. Instead scrooge said â€Å"a very merry Christmas and offered him a pay rise. The reader is kept interested by the ghosts that challenge scrooge each time. Once scrooge has past the first challenge the reader wants to stay and see if he passes the next one. Once he passes the second challenge the level of tension rises. After passing the third challenge scrooge remembers what he was like at the start of the story. Some of the words he used come back to haunt him. The overall message is that you don’t have to be a ‘scrooge’ if you consider others misfortunes and try to help out as much as possible. You will lead a much happier life if you are thoughtful and considerate. The story makes you wonder which side of scrooge you are most similar to. It leaves a clear question in your head. † how could I change? â€Å"

Economic development in low income countries Essay

It is no secret that despite the breakthroughs in international economic dynamics, development is still elusive to some of the world’s poorer countries. However, current trends indicate that some of these low income nations are actually faring much better than others. Countries like China, Vietnam, and India might be well on their way to economic prosperity. The purpose of this paper is to identify the current aspects that affect economic progress and identify existing trends within those aspects. This paper gauges the sensitivity of low income countries to such trends. In particular, this paper discusses the aspects of globalization and education; the parts that each of these aspects play in determining the economic fate of low income countries. In the continuing rise of globalization, lines that have previously separated nations are now being blurred. The advent of free trade a few decades passed has increased not only economic, but cultural interactions among countries worldwide. These developments preview a globalized perspective of the economy, where the concept of nation as an economic barrier because of tariffs and trade regulations may no longer apply. If we look at how low income countries fare in the light of a globalizing world market, there are varied effects that can be observed. The influx of multinational corporations into countries of the third world brought about by the prospect of more affordable labor boosts employment rates and strengthens these countries’ current economic standing. Countries like India, Vietnam, and the Philippines currently thrive on jobs provided by various outsourcing corporations from the United States and Europe. On the other hand, some countries tend to suffer trade abuse from countries with stronger markets when it comes to the lowering of trade barriers. Without trade barriers on foreign products, the local companies of poorer countries find it much harder to compete with their foreign counterparts. The larger companies obviously have greater capital and can afford to lower prices much more than local smaller companies. On the other hand despite the lowering of tariffs in the countries where larger companies are based, smaller companies from other countries who want to enter into those markets still have a hard time. A good example of this can be seen in the case of China and the Philippines. China’s booming economy exported goods worth over $18. 6 million into the Philippines in 2005 while the Philippines was only able to export $2. 3 million (Rogers, 2006). Clearly, smaller companies in the Philippines are sorely outclassed by Chinese capital and cheap labor. China has is in fact making remarkable market headway in the international arena despite the prevailing low average income per annum of U. S. $2,040. With regards to direct investment, smaller companies yet find themselves outgunned once more by their larger competitors. Direct investment allows large companies to infiltrate chap labor markets where smaller companies operate. They are able to offer higher wages to workers from smaller companies owing largely to wide differences in capital which is boosted more by differences in foreign currencies. On the other hand, smaller companies neither have the ability nor the need to expand their workforce and operations into other countries. Foreign direct investment is not only useless to them, but it also creates an avenue for their workers to be pirated by larger foreign companies. Therefore it can be concluded that globalization is value neutral when it comes improving the economy of low income countries. Both India and the Philippines experienced long colonized rule which resulted to staggering economies in both cases. Yet after their freedom from their respective conquerors, the economics as well as other aspects of advancement in either country took different turns. Economically, India lagged behind the Philippines for many years proceeding World War II, but India’s investment in education eventually paid off. The Indian government sets aside as much as 55% of the national budget for the development of basic and tertiary education from since 1968 (Basham, 2005). The Philippines also allocates considerable budget in education but rampant corruption in the country prevents any authentic development from occurring. As a result, the country fared consistently low in successive Trends in Mathematics and Science Studies examinations conducted in 1999 and 2004 (Basham, 2005). The trends brought about by education reflect the quality of labor that a country has to offer and consequentially, the strength of its economy. While outsourcing western companies still obtain services from the Philippines for their call centers and medical transcription needs, they go to India for specialized and technological professional services. Therefore it can be concluded that advances in education equate to advances in a country’s economy. It also holds true that countries that make considerable genuine investments in their education system develop a citizenry that fares relatively better in the international job market than countries who do not. In conclusion, there are indeed varying rates of economic development present in low income countries. These rates are partly dictated by trends in globalization and in education. It is imperative for less developed countries to take heed of their neighboring countries’ actions and follow suit, or risk being left behind by a rapidly evolving world economy.

Promotion Strategies

For many years I have been considering the idea of learning a foreign language: for example, Italian or Spanish. I was always interested in foreign languages and linguistics, especially in European languages of Latin origin. Besides, some of my far relatives have Italian roots and can speak Italian very good.I could hear this language occasionally since my childhood and was truly fascinated with its melodiousness and beauty. But, unfortunately, I did not have a good deal of free time for learning a second language when I was studying in high school, because I had to take care about my little brother.This summer when I was staying with my family in my home town, I saw an attractive bright advertisement in a local newspaper. This ad was informing people about opening new language learning facilities and inviting people to join the lessons. Unfortunately, the newspaper was a little old and I was late to enter the course. Nevertheless, to my mind, advertising in a newspaper was a good pr omotional idea, because it was necessary to attract attention of general public and inform target audience about opening the course.Three-four weeks later I bought a fresh newspaper and found there an article about that language school. The article was not only informing about opening some extra courses, but also presenting opinions of the students and interviews with some teachers. Publicity, as an element of promotional mix, was also quite successful technique, because a great deal of potential customers of such courses are young businessmen or officials, who plan to join international enterprises and are regular readers of newspapers.In addition, the author of the article gave detailed explanations as to the company’s discount policy. In particular, students and youth were offered up to 20% discount. Besides, those who could bring â€Å"a friend† as one more student of the course could receive extra 10% discount. Certainly, in such situation discounts are also among the most effective elements of sales promotion, because language courses can be interesting for students and even for teenagers, who can be financially embarrassed.Couple of days later I visited my favorite bookstore in the center of the city and saw there a promotion agent, who was distributing flyers and leaflets to potential students of the course. He also had a variety of other promotional materials: for example, he was giving a pen and a colorful notebook to the people, who were entering their names to his list and intended to join the course.Probably, this was a little less effective strategy, because there were not many people in the bookstore who could be really interested in language courses. But it was a good opportunity to talk to a representative of the school about the details of their programs.In addition, the company spent a lot of resources for advertising their services in Internet. An up-to-date site was created, which had all necessary information about the lesso ns and was quite easy to navigate.   Besides, I could see their banners and small ads on other local Internet sites, attracting attention of numerous Internet users. I suppose that this strategy could also bring good results, because nowadays everyone uses Internet and it is easy to reach potential customers through the web.Finally, there was one more very interesting promotional technique, which was directed not only on attracting new customers, but also on challenging and stimulating the students to achieve great success in learning languages. As I could learn from Internet site of the language school, they were going to award the best students of the courses with different prizes, including a trip to the West Rim of the Great Canyon. I suppose, this is one of the best promotional ideas, which can bring to very good outcomes.Unfortunately, I could not join the class of Italian because it would take me minimum three months to complete the first level. But I had to be back to univ ersity to continue my study. Nevertheless, it was an amazing opportunity for me to observe how different promotional strategies work and can be effective in this particular marketing environment. I have to admit that marketing specialists of the language school were very well qualified, and they managed to organize a very successful promotion campaign.Bibliography:PACE, Unit 15. (2001) Promotional Basics [Brochure]. The Center on Education and Training for Employment, The Ohio State University. OH: Columbus.

Protected Meal Time Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Protected Meal Time - Essay Example Since the professionals are to be included in the initiative, for example, the doctors, nurses, physicians, and the cooks are the two major professionals whose contribution to the initiative is very important and would facilitate the implementation. Application of Gibbs’ Model and PDCA Cycle In this analysis, the Gibbs reflective model has been use to describe the problem, the feel about the problem, an evaluation of the experience, analyzing the situation whether it makes sense, concise conclusion, finally taking the most appropriate action. It is important that in reflecting about the practice, one is expected to relate the situation at hand to the future of the career and its value. In fact, this becomes an evidence based approach that might to yield the intended results. In addition to the Gibbs model, the initiative would employ the use of the PDCA cycle in terms of service improvement, where the plan-do-check-action is adhered to, throughout the implementation. As would be depicted in the subsequent chapters, the project would be planned, done according to the required procedures, checked consistently and appropriate actions taken to make sure that the implementation becomes successful. ... The intention of the protected meal time program is to give the patient adequate time to relax as they have their meals (Council of Europe Resolution, 2003, p.8). In this approach, the major event that makes me support the launch of this noble initiative is that it helps to solve the great problem that is witnessed among some doctors. There is a group of doctors who do not carry out their routine ward checks in time. Therefore, they end up carrying out the same duty during inappropriate times, which are meant for meals. This happens because the doctors start their routine late, and lunch time find them still moving around the wards. They do not stop to provide the patients with sufficient time to enjoy their meals. Moreover, what used to happen in the hospitals were shocking since these doctors are fond of continuing with their work even without considerations that the patients have the right to eat, that is, they need ample time to enjoy their meals. The meal time has to be specific to minimize confusion and some patients going without food. The food must be properly chewed since the sick people have weak digestive system. The impact of the doctors’ actions is not alien, that is, the food would automatically get cold and since they are not allowed to reheat the food at the end of the exercise, it becomes extremely difficult for the patients to enjoy the meals and this is not a good thing since it poses a serious threat of the patient’s starvation. Therefore, it is necessary to have an action plan that is geared towards establishing the protected meals time. In fact, the protected meals time program has also been supported by various health professionals across the globe (NHS Estates in

Assignment 1; NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE NEWS Essay

Assignment 1; NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN THE NEWS - Essay Example sentially engages in describing the activities undertaken by varied volunteers who form and contribute to the Threatened Birds Network (TBN) which is a community based program of the Australian Government’s Natural Heritage Trust and Birds Australia. Issue at hand is the efforts taken up across continental Australia to identify and conserve the various species of birds that are threatened with extinction due to various imprudent measures impinging on the eco-environment in which such birds thrived. The article however, identifies clearing of forest areas as the major cause for removing sheltering and nesting areas of several birds and thus driving them to the brink of extinction. The article identifies primarily land as the locational context of the issue. The issue, as far as the article is concerned, has the locale in rural Australia and in particular in the forest area-either cleared or facing clearing in or around such rural areas. However the article also identifies beach areas of Australia as the location peculiar to specific birds facing extinction. This implies that the focus of the article is birds found on land and facing extinction. Due to limited references to beach areas and birds found therein the article can also be considered as having the main emphasis of threatened birds in woodlands of rural hinterland of Australia. As already stated above the Australian government is the major actor playing an important role in resolving the issue through its National Heritage Trust and Birds Australia. Its instrumentality is the community based program Threatened Birds Network (TBN).From the tenor of the article it appears that the TBN involves the participation of both the professionals and community based volunteers .The former category are classed as regular recovery teams in the article. The volunteer category primarily comprises of private land owners or local land holders. Moreover the latter category has also been identified mostly as comprised of

Java programming and written exercises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Java programming and written exercises - Essay Example 2. Assume a class Square that implements the interface Comparable. You are required to implement the method compareTo so that squares are compared according to their sides. Part of the Java code has been provided as below. Please complete the code inside the compareTo() method. 4. Write a Java code segment that uses the LinkedList myList and the String array strArr. Store the elements from the array in the linked list. Use an iterator to scan the list and output the elements of strings, whose length is greater than 5. String[] strArr = {"Java", "Programming", "if", "array", "LinkedList", "queue", "iterator"}; LinkedList myList = new LinkedList(); private int i; for(i=0;i 5) { Insert(string strArr[i], LinkedListIterator p); } } public voidinsert(stringx,LinkedListIteratorp) { if(p!=null&&p.current!=null) p.current.next=newListNode(x,p.current.next); } 5. Trace the call f(16) to the following method. Show how you work out the result. public static int f(int n) { int result=0; if (n

Rewriting examples for grammar comments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rewriting examples for grammar comments - Essay Example Example: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits. Another important thing to note is that the corporation had expanded its international influence. Revision: Overall, Management Systems International has logged increased sales in every sector, leading to a significant rise in third-quarter profits. These impressive profits are largely due to the corporation's expanded international influence. See this website for help: http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm. I noticed the use of some run-on sentences here in your assignment. Avoid those. Add example of run on and correction. See: http://ace.acadiau.ca/english/grammar/runon.htm. This is very well done. I appreciate your hard work, good thoughts, and good contributions. Thanks for the excellent job. I am very impressed with your good work this week. Let me know if you have any questions about the assignment, your grade, or anything else. Wo nderful job. What I need are these examples to be rewritten since I used them over and over again. Using an example a couple of times is OK, and you do not need to rewrite every comment and the whole comment, JUST THE EXAMPLES, because it’s all I can pay for. That’s it, thanks! Comments to Revise: Thanks for the fantastic job here of meeting the assignment objectives. Just a few writing suggestions here: Your assignment is good but could use some transitions to make it flow better. See this website for help: http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm Instead of writing transitions that could connect any paragraph to any other paragraph, write a transition that could only connect one specific paragraph to another specific paragraph. Example: The Renaissance period brought tremendous changes in the artistic approaches based upon the traditional art of Greek and Roman statuary. The Expressionist movement of the 1900s instituted a profound rejection of all the traditional ways of the past and introduced a completely new approach to art. Revision: Although the Renaissance period brought tremendous changes in the artistic approaches based upon the traditional art of Greek and Roman statuary, it was the Expressionist movement of the 1900s that instituted a profound rejection of all the traditional ways of the past and introduced a completely new approach to art. Throughout your project, I noticed the use of some run-on sentences from formally writing. See: http://ace.acadiau.ca/english/grammar/runon.htm. Thanks for the outstanding contributions to the homework thread this week. You did an excellent job. I appreciate how well you participated and expressed yourself. Nice writing. Let me know if you have any questions about the assignment, your grade, or anything else. Wonderful job. You did a nice job of writing and a good job of addressing the assignment goals. Just a few suggestions: I appreciate the work here on your assignment, but it appears that you could use some transitions to help connect your ideas. http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm. Instead of writing transitions that could connect any paragraph to any other paragraph, write a transition that could only connect one specific paragraph to another specific paragraph. Example: Perhaps the most important thing that happened during the mid- to late-nineteenth century was the shift that took place in mankind’s way of thinking. Mankind learned to apply systematic thought processes to explain

Cybersecurity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Cybersecurity - Coursework Example But going through further to their findings, it became clearer that internet addiction does seem to be a mental disorder. As to the question of policymakers going for treatment, and considering internet addiction as a disorder, rather than imprisonment of hacking cases, I think it would be a better solution because development of these policies will not only benefit those who commit cyber-crimes, but also those who have forgotten to live a normal human life. The study of the boy who had a good cause using the internet, does not differ much from a hacker, because both of them would probably be spending almost an entire day facing the computer and doing what challenges them the most. And on a general note, those people who have become too attached to social networking sites like Facebook, spend more time in front of the computer rather than interacting personally with friends and families, or even neglecting responsibilities at home or at school. Policymakers must be able to properly identify the root cause of a person’s addiction to the internet. It may not necessarily be a disorder but the effect on the over-all wellness of the person makes it appear to be so. I think that the laws or guidelines that should be made must focus more on the more controllable factors like the allowed time to use the internet or related things to that to be able to force those affected individuals to stop and live like any normal human being should. Since internet addiction at one point is seen as a disorder, counseling may also prove to be a good solution to understand why hackers and other â€Å"internet addicts† find more fulfillment in front of the computer than in the real world. Topic 4 – While psychological profiling of criminals is not a new field, should we attempt to profile cyber criminals? What sort of things do we already know about the personalities of cyber criminals? Do

IT and the Next Generation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IT and the Next Generation - Research Paper Example The Japanese samurai used to regard the katana as a fundamental symbol of their heritage, but you just know damn well that they would have envied all these mechanised weapons like machine guns, tanks and bombers (not to mention nuclear warheads – no offence, by the way, to any Japanese people who may be reading this!) that are so well recognised today. Information technology is no exception. And no-one would disagree that technology has its place in â€Å"lighter† interests as well as â€Å"get things done† ones, such as personal entertainment. We were in awe of the television long before iPod products became released on the market. We actually live in an age where some people would feel embarrassed about being seen with a CD player in public – I state this point to back up the claim that IT has unequivocally altered education programmes to a certain extent, in a bid to keep our children â€Å"up-to-date.† However, the advent of the whole IT thing i t’s by no means nothing but sweetness and light when you think more deeply about it†¦ read on and you’ll see why. ... Besides that several thoughts came from all which made the decision making process much easier as well as effective. New ideas and observations which came from various individuals were quite helpful while we did this study. Some of the possible derivations and observations from our study that we concluded have been summarized below. Main report IT and the next generation Although I’m not a bona fide expert in IT or computer-aided education or anything like that, I do have my convictions in this area that I regard as important to share. Indeed, I would hope that I’ve convinced in the last sentence of the previous section that IT doesn’t just have its significance as a classroom subject. It has considerable societal relevance. I look at children today and I definitely don’t need reminding that youth tend to regard the IT-related products that they possess as status symbols. It is especially obvious with mobile phones and, to a lesser extent, computer games ( Pokemon, at least, certainly took the world by storm). Even the well-known American cartoon series South Park has entire episodes that are parodies devoted to satire aimed at Facebook and computer games consoles, among other things. Of course, children are curious, so you shouldn’t be too surprised if your child relishes the prospect of learning about modern technology (even more so if they are made to believe that it is â€Å"important† i.e. how else would they keep up-to-date in society?). So maybe a good place to start would be to look back at the IT-related education I received as a child. Interestingly enough, my younger brother was writing programmes on a Commodore 64 before we reached puberty†¦ but I can vaguely

What's Wrong With the WikipediaJews in the Middle Ages Entry Essay

What's Wrong With the WikipediaJews in the Middle Ages Entry - Essay Example A number of article entries have made fantastic claims about certain events, people, or facts without providing any authentic or credible sources to back them. Wikipedia is an open and free encyclopedia which is not considered to be a valid and trustworthy source by universities. Students are not allowed to cite information taken from Wikipedia while other schools have banned its usage. This research paper assesses the encyclopedic entry â€Å"Jews in the Middle Ages† by pointing out the untrustworthiness and unreliability of its content. It considers how the article is limited with reference to the history of the Jews by excluding several communities. It also studies how certain elements and aspects of Jewish history have not been added into the entry. The paper investigates and critically assesses how the article makes conclusions regarding the relations between the Jews and majority culture. The article extensively writes about the social conditions of the Jews living in West Europe. It fails to mention the history of the Jews who lived in the Middle East and Russia1. The Islamic caliphates were at the height of their intellectual, scientific, and philosophical achievements. Unlike the Christian West, Jews were actually tolerated and protected under Arab areas. The Jews had to pay a special tax called â€Å"Jizya† which was levied on minorities. Wikipedia’s article fails to write about the social conditions of the Jews in the Islamic caliphates. Jews rose to important positions inside the Islamic Caliphates like Solomon Ibn Gabirol and Yehuda HaLevi2. These Jews made extensive contributions towards the study of Judaism by writing interpretations of the Torah, philosophical beliefs, and prayers. An investigation of the article also reveals little information regarding the position of Jews in the Slavic nations. The Khazar kingdom in the middle ages was a Je wish state in the

Research on Zara Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On Zara - Research Paper Example Not a single reason for the cause, several reasons account for Zara’s popularity and its standard along with world wide recognition. Obviously the very first fact is its vertical integration, with operations including design, textile manufacturing, and dying, permits the company to respond extremely quickly to market conditions and fashion trends. This makes Zara, a flagship chain store of Inditex, a fast fashion for youth. Another remarkable difference is that unlike other international clothing chains, Zara makes more than half of its clothes in-house, rather than relying on a network of slow-moving and disparate suppliers. This type of innovation management renders swiftness and efficacy throughout its operations and consequently Zara can make a new line from start to finish in three weeks, against an industry average of nine months (Zara International Inc). Another key factor for Zara’s success is its strategic management, it does not spend money on advertisements; instead they spend money on anything that would enforce speed and responsiveness of the business chain. They invest heavily in production and distribution facilities to fluctuating demand. Furthermore, instead of more quantities per style, Zara produces more styles roughly 12,000 a year. Thus even if a style sells out very quickly there are new styles already waiting to take up the space. Fresh produce, moving in step with fashion trend and updated frequently the ingredients are just right to create the sweet smell of success. Moreover, the effectiveness in ownership and control of production is the one in list of success causes. Most other competitors like GAP and H&M, completely outsource their production to factories around the world, many of them in low cost Asian countries. In contrast, it is estimated that 80 percent of Zara’s production is carried out in Europe that is, in owned or

Teacher’s Day Essay Example for Free

Teacher’s Day Essay On this very special occasion of Teacher’s Day, I would like to express my personal greetings and best wishes to all teachers and my fellow colleagues. Also, I would like to thank the parents who believe in us and send their children to Krista Kindergarten. I have been in the position of the school Principal for over 9 years and I must say I feel very happy to have lovely, sociable, and confident students in school. The students’ happiness in our school encourages and reminds the teaching staff to fulfill their educating responsibility, to devote themselves to their students. The teaching staff of our school always performs their best to deserve your trust for Krista Kindergarten. Every teacher feels like giving more enthusiasm to love our school and to our students Teachers mold the lives that they influence. Lessons learned from teachers remain with their students throughout life. Teachers that break down barriers and reach into the souls of the students that they are responsible for do not get the recognition or gratitude they have earned. Many teachers are exhausted from their workload and responsibilities. They have their own families, financial and life stresses that challenge them along with everyone else. Thus, we should always respect our teachers. I have received many beautiful fresh flowers and best wishes from my students, colleagues, and parents. Once again, I would like to thank all representatives, teachers, parents, and students. I respectfully wish you health, happiness, and success. Happy Teacher’s Day! Thank you.

Challenges to Infant and Toddler Goods Market

Challenges to Infant and Toddler Goods Market [Name: Yuet Chun LEUNG] 1.0Â  Introduction We are the fastest growing retailer of infant and toddler goods in the Australian market. As we are gearing up to meet the market demand, it appears that our online sales are growing. We are looking at what other retailers have done and experimenting with new forms of organising to support our expected growth. Thus, we can be a successful online retailer. Online retails being problems, the customer cannot try on the goods before buying them and international online orders with caution. 2.0Â  Summary of the issue The customer always complain they cannot try the product before buying them and what they do if they cannot get what they ordered. We can do the refund system if customer really do not like the product with no shipping costs that we can attract more customers to purchase products on our online retailer. According to Harvard Business Review (2017) Zappos provider clever solution to the customer cannot try the items before buying product. Zappos eliminated shipping costs and using the call center to establish the strong relationship with customers. The most important thing is customers can try them all on, and send back the ones they didnt like, gratis. (Harvard Business Review, 2017). Besides, customer always worries about if they cannot get what they ordered. We would provide the new order status page on the final page on our stores checkout. It is useful for see real-time updates on the location of their shipment and check the status of their shipment without needing to contact you directly (Shopify help center, 2017) to let customer check it and reassurance. Customers would concerns about the purchase fees when buying from foreign. According to Findlaw (2017) before you order, you need to know what is the product priced and is it converted to U.S.D if there displayed different currency. We accept U.S.D only, that would be more clearly, customers would not confuse with that. 3.0Â  Implications for the business Any online retailers problem or issue cannot without communication with customers. Therefore, we would create the new department which is Live Chat/Real-Time Support. According to Birkett (2017), 56% of responders have used live chat/real-time support to answer the question on companys website, 49% of responders are using this system for online-purchase questions. Furthermore, when live caht/real-time support, the staff can understand what the customer needs, that staff can recommend other items suit for customers, the sales would increase either. Also, we will provide the customer service training to our new department Live Chat/Real-Time Support use the positive language, find out the easiest solution, we know that, somethings could not be done and we have to explain it to customers in positive way (Kolodynska and Kolodynska, 2017). Make customers feel like we are bring the shop to customers home. Finally, we try to satisfy what all customers need, answer their online shopping question then our online retailer sales would substantially increase. Reference List Harvard Business Review. (2017). Zappos and the Connection Between Structure and Strategy. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2015/06/zappos-and-the-connection-between-structure-and-strategy Findlaw. (2017). Problems with Online Shopping FindLaw. [online] Available at: http://consumer.findlaw.com/consumer-transactions/problems-with-online-shopping.html Shopify Help Center. (2017). Order status page. [online] Available at: https://help.shopify.com/manual/orders/status-tracking Birkett, A. (2017). What Do You Do When Your Customers Are Afraid To Shop Online?. [online] CXL. Available at: https://conversionxl.com/customers-afraid-shop-online/ Kolodynska, O. and Kolodynska, O. (2017). How to Say No to Customers Without Making them Angry. [online] LiveChat. Available at: https://www.livechatinc.com/blog/how-to-say-no-to-customers-without-making-them-angry/

Skin to skin contact and breastfeeding rate

Skin to skin contact and breastfeeding rate Formulation and theoretical perspectives. Effect of the first two hours after birth skin-to-skin contact for full term infants on first breastfeeding experience and breastfeeding duration: A randomised controlled trial Background It is unquestioned that breastfeeding is the most significant form of providing nutrition for infants. Exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first six month of life, with continued breastfeeding for up to two years or longer is highly recommended by World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 2000). In addition, The American Academy of Paediatrics (1997) stats Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal nutrition and sufficient to support optimal growth and development for the first six months after birthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦It is recommended that breastfeeding continue for at least twelve months, and thereafter for as long as mutually desired. According to The American Academy of Paediatrics (1997) described the benefits of breastfeeding including improved general health, growth, and development of the breastfed infant; decreased incidence and severity of diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, ear infections, bacterial meningitis, botulism, and urinary tract infections; protection fro m sudden infant death syndrome, childhood cancer, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, allergies, and other chronic digestive diseases; and enhanced cognitive development. To compare with other Europe countries, breastfeeding rates in the UK are low (UNICEF, 1999). In 2005, 45% of all mothers in the United Kingdom were breastfeeding exclusively at one week, while 21% were feeding exclusively at six weeks. At six months the proportion of mothers who were breastfeeding exclusively was negligible ( The Baby Friendly Initiative was introduced in the UK in 1992 by the WHO and UNICEF. The purpose of the programme is to encourage hospitals to increase protection, promotion and support breastfeeding and implement the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (UNICEF 1998). Step four recommends skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in the early postnatal period, which should last until the first feed or for as long as the mother wishes (UNICEF, 1998). The process of skin-to-skin contact was defined as the infant is naked in a prone position and skin-to-skin on the mothers bare abdomen or chest during the first minute postbirth. Apgar scores are assigned and suctioning is done if medically indicated. The infant must be gently dried and covered across the back with a prewarmed blanket. The initial physical assessment is performed while the infant is with the mother skin-to-skin. To prevent heat loss, the infants head must be covered with a dry cap, which is replaced when it becomes damp. Ideally, all other interventions are delayed until at least after the end of the first breastfeeding (Moore Anderson, 2007). The optimal time for newborn babies to develop pre-breastfeeding behaviour, such as rooting and sucking (Gomez, et al., 1998), skin-to-skin contact and provide first breastfeeding is the first two hours postbirth when they are more alert to the environment. In this stage, it may indicate a sensitive period for establish effective breastfeeding. Bornstein (1989) defines sensitive period as a developmental phase of built-in competence for the development of specific behaviour exchanges between the organism and the environment whose consequences presumably endure for the organism. After this sensitive period, the two hours postbirth, many newborn babies go into a drowsy stage which maybe difficult to arouse for up to several hours (Britton, 1998). Purpose of the research Previous studies found that infants were eight times more likely to breastfeed spontaneously if they spent more than 50 minutes in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers immediately after birth, and concluded that the dose of skin-to-skin contact might be a critical component regarding breastfeeding success (Gomez. et al., 1998). Despite numerous documents and randomized control trials have showed the positive impact of skin-to-skin contact on breastfeeding, mother-infant separation by physical assessment and routine care during the first hours postbirth before having the opportunity to start skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding is still common practice in many healthcare settings. In light of the above, the aim of the study is to examine the effects of skin-to-skin contact for full-term newborn babies during the first two hours postbirth on first breastfeeding experience and exclusive breastfeeding rate in six months postbirth. Two hypotheses will be tested: (1) skin-to-skin contact during the first two hours postbirth has positive impact on first breastfeeding experience; (2) skin-to-skin contact during the first two hours postbirth increases the likelihood of breastfeeding establishment; (3) skin-to-skin contact during the first two hours postbirth increases both breastfeeding establishment and duration. 2. Methods to be used The topic was skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding rate and the methodology selected was quantitative. This is because breastfeeding rate is to be measured precisely so as to allow comparisons between the various groups. And for relative representativeness and for generalisations made quantitative research a better choice. The study will be conducted by randomised controlled trial comparing the effects of SSC with routine care on first breastfeeding experience and breastfeeding duration. In the control group which receiving routine care, babies will quickly dried and wrapped in a towel before being handed to their mother or father. Mother-baby contact will be interrupted for physical assessment, given a vitamin K injection, weighing, dressing and measuring the baby, or for repairing the mothers perineum wound. After the routine care finish, the baby will be swaddled in prewarmed blankets and return to the mother. And the staff nurse will assist with breast feeding when both mother and baby are ready. In the skin-to-skin care group, the infants will be given to their mothers immediately after birth and will be placed nakedly in a prone position against the mothers skin between the breasts with a large pre-warmed blanket. After the cord cut, the infant will be moved to radiant warmer for the same routine care as the control group then back to their mother again for about 2 hours. And when both mother and baby in skin-to-skin group are ready, the staff nurse also will a ssist with breast feeding. 2.1 Sampling principles and procedures Criteria for including/excluding study participants Eligible participants included pregnant woman who are primiparas mothers, had no pre-existing medical complications and no history of mental illness or illicit drug use, 18 years or older, expecting a vaginal delivery, intended to breast feed, her healthy fetus need to greater than 37 weeks gestation. A woman will be ineligible if their babies weighted less than 2200gm, Sample size In Shiaus study (1997), skin-to-skin contact dyads had better breastfeeding status than control dyads on day 28 (6.16  ± 2.06 vs. 4.0  ± 1.60, P= .004). This computes to an effect size of 1.17. And in Moores study (2007), the author used the data to compute power in her study for the samples were similar in their research. Moore(2007) indicated if the true effect size is 1.17, the probability of detecting significant differences between the two groups is 81% (i.e., 19% of the time significant differences would not be detected). Therefore, 10 participants per group may be adequate to detect statistically significant between-group differences in breastfeeding status and Moore also used minimization to control the influence of the variables, she explained that in small studies, simple randomization procedures are likely to result in groups that are unbalanced with respect to potentially confounding variables. For the above reason, in this research, a sample of 10 participants per group will be appropriate but to avoid possible attrition during the time, 15 participants will be recruited. Recruitment The participants will be recruited through a hospital in Manchester with the help of clinical nurse and maternity consultants. Women who fulfill the inclusion criteria will be contacted by the clinical coordinator at 36-37 weeks gestation. The women will provided with oral explanation about the trial, eligible participants will be recruited and informed consent will be obtained. After birth, mothers and their newborn babies who still remained eligible will be randomized using minimization to either skin-to-skin group or control group. 2.2 Data collection methods Minimization is an assignment strategy, similar in intention to stratification that ensures excellent balance between intervention groups for specified prognostic factors. The next participant is assigned to whichever group would minimize the imbalance between groups on specified prognostic factors. Minimization is an acceptable alternative to random assignment (CONSORT, 2007). The minimization program will be applied to control the following variables: baby gender, birth weight, and gestational age, maternal age, education, marital status, race, smoking history, breastfeeding intention and maternal employment (no, part-time, or full-time employment). When participants admit to the hospital in active labour, the clinical co-ordinator will be contacted for information gathering. And when all the information obtained, the computerized minimization programme will assign randomly either to skin-to-skin group or control group. Demographic, labour and delivery history data (past and current pregnancies) from the records will be collected by the clinical co-ordinator. Post-delivery data collection will be carried out through contact with the mothers before they left hospital. Post-delivery care will be observed by the research assistant as well as assessment of first breastfeeding in the delivery room. The infants first breastfeeding will be score by the research assistant by using the IBFAT. The IBFAT measures 4 aspect of suckling competence: (1) infant state of arousal or readiness to feed; (2) rooting reflex; (3) latch-on; and (4) suckling pattern. Each item has a score of 0 to 3 for a maximum score of 12, indicating competent breastfeeding. Success of the first breastfeeding (score of 10 to 12) will be measured by this tool. The IBS, which assesses the degree of breastfeeding exclusivity; The IBS is a single-item indicator consisting of three major levels of breastfeeding: full, partial, and token. Eight levels are ranked from 1 for exclusive to 8 for weaned. Full is divided into two subcategories: exclusive (the infant consumes only breast milk and no other liquid or solid food [score=1]), and almost exclusive (the infant is given water, juice, vitam ins, and minerals infrequently in addition to breast milk [score= 2]). The partial category, which originally had two subcategories, was subdivided into four subcategories for greater accuracy: high-partial (> 80% of the infants diet is breast milk [score= 3]); medium-high (50% 80% breast milk[score = 4]); medium-low (20% Follow-up assessment will be take place when infants reached 1, 3, and 6 months corrected age. The research assistant will contact to the mother in advance then arrange the visit. 3. Data analysis There will be six stages in data analysis. Stage 1: data preparation. Checking, editing and coding. Stage 2: data entry. Entering the data in the computer. Stage 3: Graphic presentation. Presenting the findings in the form of graphs or tables. Stage 4: data processing and analysis. Conducting statistical analysis. Stage 5: interpretation of the findings. Explaining the meaning of data individually. Stage 6: six- Conclusion. Proposing direct answers to the research question (Saratakos, 2005, p.364). A t-test is an interval/ration test of significance which has the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the findings of a sample-based study are significant, that is also valid for the target population. It checks the degree if generalisability of the findings of the study. the t-test serves the same purpose as chi-square tests, except that it is suitable for interval/ration variables (Saratakos, 2005, p.388) Analysis in this research will follow the intent to treat principle. SPSS computer software (version 15) will be used for data analysis. Differences between groups in demographic and other variables will be determined by using descriptive statistics, t-tests for interval level data, and à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 analysis (Fishers exact test) for nominal data e.g. 1.baby gender, 2.birth weight, 3.gestational age, 4.maternal age, 5.education, 6.marital status, 7.race, 8.smoking history, 9.breastfeeding intention and 10.maternal employment (no, part-time, or full-time employment). 4. Probable outputs If the result shows that skin-to-skin contact for full-term newborn babies during the first two hours postbirth has significant effect on first breastfeeding experience and also enhance the exclusive breastfeeding rate in six months postbirth. The result will not only provide support in the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding principle , especially in Step four recommends skin-to-skin contact in the early postnatal period, which should last until the first feed or for as long as the mother wishes but also increase its credibility in enhance breastfeeding establishment. Early skin-to-skin contact can have a positive impact on newborn infants health by establish first breastfeeding well but also increase the mothers satisfaction as well as the bonding and interaction between mothers and newborn babies. The skin-to-skin used to exercise as an intervention for premature babies, with the result, we can apply to generalisation. The intervention can not only use for premature babies but also works in healthy, full term babies. When apply the result into clinical practice, the newborn infant routine care in delivery will changed significantly. Firstly, in many healthcare setting, when delivery comes, the first priority is to dry the baby and keep the airway open and do a range of physical assessment and newborn routine care. Due the complicated tasks, mothers and newborn infants usually have to separate more than one hour which miss the most precious time for bonding between mothers and newborn infants. To implement the intervention, the old practice has to be changed. For clinical practitioners might need some time cope due to the various tasks and duties. If the skin-to-skin contact intervention performs well in clinical practice, maybe researchers can put more effort in this area. For example, let the father or significant other practice the skin-to-skin contact with newborn infants and examine the effect might be operate as good as mothers. 5. Scheduling of the study Month Task Jan Feb Ma r Ap r May Jun Ju l Aug Sep Oc t Nov Dec LITERATURE REVIEW: Identify data sources, archives and specialist library collections.Identify potential case studies.Review theory and methodology, policy and clinical practice. Develop research question Complete research proposal Develop research methodology Sampling and recruitment Data Collection Results, Data analysis and evaluation Research project completed 6. Detailed justification of costs Description Item  ¿Ã‚ ¡/ per year comment Personnel 1. research assistant 2. clinical coordinator  ¿Ã‚ ¡9/ per hour 9*2*20*20  ¿Ã‚ ¡7200~8000 20hours/per person/week About 20 weeks Hard/software computer*1, laptop*1 camera*1, MP3 recorder  ¿Ã‚ ¡890~990 Ccomputer- ¿Ã‚ ¡400 Laptop- ¿Ã‚ ¡350 -camera- ¿Ã‚ ¡100 -MP3 recorder- ¿Ã‚ ¡40 Administrative Expenses  ¿Ã‚ ¡200~ ¿Ã‚ ¡250 Travel, communication, Attend conference, seminar, meeting  ¿Ã‚ ¡500~1000 Accommodation Consumables Stationery  ¿Ã‚ ¡100~ ¿Ã‚ ¡150 Fees and Service Charges  ¿Ã‚ ¡100~ ¿Ã‚ ¡150 Budget  ¿Ã‚ ¡11000  ¿Ã‚ ¡8990~ ¿Ã‚ ¡10540 7. Ethical issues There are some ethical issues we may meet when we do the research. Firstly, start with informed consent, in a research, participants should be fully informed as much information as possible that the participants can decide whether they want to join or not. Therefore , before we establish the research, all the participants will received oral and written information about the nature and purpose of the research study and its potential implications for them. After participants fully understood, inform consent will be obtained before we start the research. And participants also accept that they can stop or withdraw the research at any time they want. Secondly, the issue of the invasion of privacy, in the research project, Confidentiality and anonymous will be guaranteed. Any identification, documents will be separate from the tape recording and transcription. Data also will be stored in a locked and secure container, only the researcher can assess the key. Last but not least, before any act, we have to obtain the approval from Research Ethics Committee. By doing so, everyones right is protected. 8. Reflection on your study Early skin-to-skin contact may not effect on first breastfeeding experience and breastfeeding duration, the reasons are vary. There are many factors influence breastfeeding negatively. For example, for working mother, maybe they experienced a very wonder first breastfeeding while having skin-to-skin contact with her baby when they in the hospital with healthcare providers support and breastfeeding education. However, when the mother and her newborn infant go home, a range of unexpected things happened to them, without healthcare providers help, short maternity leave and stressful work, all these reasons are affecting the decision of breastfeeding establishment and duration. Furthermore, if the intervention of skin-to-skin contact will implement in clinical practice, it will change the long established routine and roles which is difficult when face experience clinical practitioner whom dont like to change. The following questions are from the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP, 2003). These 10 questions can help us think about these issues systematically. 1. Did the study ask a clearly-focused question? In this research, the population, intervention and outcome are clearly stated. 2 .Was this a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and was it appropriately so? In this research, I want to examine the effect of skin-to-skin contact for full-term newborn babies during the first two hours postbirth on first breastfeeding. To evaluate the effectiveness of skin-to-skin contact, I have to chose randomised controlled trial to test. In Glaszious paper (2001), he stated that to study the effects of interventions, it is necessary to compare a group of patients who have received the intervention (study group) with a comparable group who have not received the intervention (control group). A randomized controlled trial, which is a trial in which subjects are randomly allocated to the study or control groups, is usually the ideal design. 3. Were participants appropriately allocated to intervention and control groups? In the study, I will use computerized minimization to allocate participants, so I assume the participants will be allocated appropriately. 4. Were participants, staff and study personnel blind to participants study group? In this study, participants, staff and study personnel, they wont blind to participants study group, which could make observer bias and possibly a weakness in this study. 5. Were all of the participants who entered the trial accounted for at its conclusion? In the study, I assume all the participants who entered the trial accounted for at its conclusion for avoiding attrition bias. 6. Were the participants in all groups followed up and data collected in the same way? In the study, we have one research assistant dose the post-delivery care observation and assessment of first breastfeeding in the delivery room. And the other clinical co-ordinator responsible for documentation, so I presume the data will collected in the same way. 7. Did the study have enough participants to minimize the play of chance? According to previous studies effect size, in this study, we only recruit 15 participants 8. How are the results presented and what is the main result? 9 .How precise are these results? 10. Were all important outcomes considered so the results can be applied? for question 8-10, it can not answered for the study is not carry out yet.

Moral Disintergration of America Exposed in The Winter of Our Disconten

Moral Disintergration of America Exposed in The Winter of Our Discontent The Winter of Our Discontent The life of Ethan Allen Hawley, which had for so long held to an irrefutable ethical standard, was about to undergo an unexpected and irreversible change. Likewise he was not alone; progress was descending upon all of New Baytown like the jets which swarmed "with increasing regularity" (196) at the nearby Templeton airfield. With them was coming a new breed, more and more focused on material wealth rather than honesty and principle. Ethan’s fourteen-year old son, Allen, was the embodiment of this new morality by which money was God and "morals are paintings on wall and scruples are money in Russia" (from the movie Sabrina, 1995). There was only one goal for this "forward-looking group" (141): money; and as Allen so clearly states, for them "it’s all dough, no matter how you get it" (91). Ethan had always believed there existed certain "unchanging rules" (217) of basic kindness and decency which had always, and should always, govern men. He lived his life simply and honestly, guided by visions of his grandfather and Aunt Deborah who had, from his early youth, instilled in him this strong moral foundation; he was" the kid with the built-in judge" (153). The rules, however, were changing, and changing rapidly. No longer would virtue be the deciding factor when faced with temptation; if one stood to gain from a situation, "who gets hurt? Is it against the law?" (34). Quite the contrary, by the new standards, it would be a crime to act on one’s own behalf. Moral consequences were irrelevant; the only consideration was success, and "success is never bad" (239). Those still cl... ...the end, Ethan’s scheme was a success; the store was his, and the most important piece of property in town now lay under his name. The Hawley name would once again command respect in New Baytown. He had needed only to adopt the new morality for a moment, like a man trying on a different suit . . . The only "trouble with a well-made suit, it lasts too long" (233), a truth Baker knew only too well. Too late, Ethan realized that abandoning his entire code of ethics was not so simple a matter; even if he did return to his old principles, as if he had never strayed from them, his conscience would be forever marred by his indiscretions. Not hat the rest of the world would ever notice. Maybe he’d got a little blood on his fingers, but Ethan had fought the fight; and more importantly, he’d won. "After all, in the end "it’s all dough, no matter how you get it" (91).

Stereotyping :: Psychology Stereotyping Stereotype Essays

Stereotyping Stereotyping is a form of pre judgement that is as prevalent in today's society as it was 2000 years ago. It is a social attitude that has stood the test of time and received much attention by social psychologists and philosophers alike. Many approaches to, or theories of stereotyping have thus been raised. This essay evaluates the cognitive approach that categorisation is an essential cognitive process that inevitably leads to stereotyping. Hamilton (1979) calls this a 'depressing dilemma'. Brown's (1995) definition of stereotyping through prejudice is the 'holding of derogatory social attitudes or cognitive beliefs, the expression of negative affect, or the display of hostile or discriminatory behaviour towards members of a group on account of their membership to that group'. This definition implies that stereotyping is primarily a group process, through the individuals psyche's within that group. A further idea of stereotyping, defined by Allport (1954) as 'thinking ill of others without warrant', is that people 'make their mind up' without any personal experience. This pre judgement about a whole group is then transferred to the stigmatisation of any individuals in that group. It is these ideas that the essay aims to evaluate, through the cognitive process of categorisation and the above definitions that bring about three distinct features of stereotyping, that our cognition can be demonstrated through. The first characteristic of stereotyping is over-generalisation. A number of studies conducted found that different combinations of traits were associated with groups of different ethnic and national origin (Katz and Braly, 1933). However, stereotyping does not imply that all members of a group are judged in these ways, just that a typical member of a group can be categorised in such judgements, that they possess the characteristics of the group. Still, when we talk of a group, we do so by imagining a member of that group. The second feature and characteristic of stereotyping is the exaggeration of the difference between ones own group (the in-group) and the 'other' group (the out-group). This can be traced back to the work of Tajfel during the 1950's - 'the accentuation principle' (Tajfel, 1981). Tajfel's work was specifically on physical stimuli, and concluded that judgements on such stimuli are not made in isolation, but in the context of other factors. Applied socially - a judgement about an out-group relies upon other factors surrounding the judgement in question, as well as making a statement about the in-group and the relationship between the two groups.

Leonard Bernstein Essay -- essays research papers

Leonard Bernstein   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonard Bernstein was born in Lawrenceville, Massachusettes on August 25, 1918. He was the first born child of Samuel and Jennie Bernstein, who lived in Boston, but had gone to Lawrenceville to visit some relatives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bernstein's parents had little knowledge of, or interest in classical music. The only records Leonard remembers hearing on his family phonograph when he was a child were the popular hit songs of the day, such as â€Å" Barney Google† and â€Å"Oh by Jingo.† For the most part, Leonard Bernstein was an unhappy child. He said, â€Å" I was a miserable, terrified little child† (Musicians p.64). His family moved from town to town, during Bernstein's school days, not giving him a chance to make close friends or feel at home. Sadly, Bernstein's peers would make fun of and tease Bernstein. He was a very sickly child as he suffered from chronic asthma, rose fever, and hay fever. This pathetic child grew to be a very shy person.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonard always had a heart for music, even as a young boy. As an eight year old, one morning, when he was sitting in the synagogue, the religious music of the choir and organ overwhelmed him by it's beauty and caused him to burst into tears. When Leonard and his family would visit their friends, Leonard would sneak over to the piano and experiment. When he was eleven, his aunt sent her piano to his house for his family to keep for storage. â€Å"I made love to it right away† he recalled (Musicians p. 65). He could escape from all his frustrations and sadness by playing the piano. His parents didn't like the fact that he was always at the piano, they wanted him to concentrate on his school work. They thought of piano playing as a waste of time because it stood in the way of Leonard's learning his father's business, which they planned for him to eventually take over.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the age of ten, Leonard found a piano teacher who would give him lessons for a dollar a lesson. But that teacher soon moved away and Leonard found himself paying another piano teacher three dollars a lesson out of his allowance. After more than a year of piano lessons that just weren't teaching him much, Leonard found a new, and th... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bernstein has received such awards as the Albert Einstein Commemorative Award in the Arts from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; the John H. Finley Medal for service to New York City; the Golden European trophy, an annual award given to an outstanding figure in popular music; the Datsun Award for â€Å"outstanding service to American music†; the Institute of International Education Award presented by President Nixon; and the George Foster Peabody Awards for his television programs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bernstein provided the music for four famous Broadway musicals with a superior amount of sophistication and technique. Often times, he would produce music with great humour and sentiment. Bernstein's great talents led him to author a few books in the 1960's. One of his most recent, famous collections of his music is used in the ever popular film West Side Story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonard Bernstein was the â€Å"Renaissance man of twentieth century music.† Over the decades, Bernstein has been called one of the most charismatic and gifted personalities in the music of our times.

East Asia History Essay

Q1a Meaning of sumo and baseball in Japan In Japan, Sumo and baseball are the central sports and depict the cultural belief of achievement, individual effort and character. Sumo is very significant â€Å"to the roots of Japan and is a form of national pride. Therefore sumo is a reflection of the historical Japan, and is today the most important sport acting as a national symbol. Somo was always encouraged young men and boys. However with the growing number of the youth, who have not seen the importance of the traditions of their forefathers have discarded this sport and replaced it with the contemporary sport of baseball. This means that baseball is taking centre stage as the most popular sort especially for the urban youth. Sumo in a way is a representative of the old generation being replaced by a modern sport of baseball. Q3. The position of women in neo-Confucian cultures â€Å"It has been justly remarked that a nation’s civilization may be estimated by the rank which females hold in society. If the civilization of China be judged of by this test, she is surely far from occupying that first place which she so strongly claims† (Chinese repository, 313). This is the remark about women in China, and is correct by all means. In many cultures across the world women and men posses’ distinct functions and responsibilities and in the Neo-Confucian cultures women held a very important position but a lesser one from that of men. Confucians viewed the family â€Å"as a microcosm of the state† which was ruled by a male emperor, therefore it meant that the man was the natural head of the home. The position of women was at home where she was to assume the responsibilities or ‘Dao’ (woman’s way) of a wife and mother. Her other roles included the upbringing of children which included their education. The woman was called to be obedient to her father first, secondly to her husband and to her grown son. Such views portrayed a woman as a tool for men, which would lead eventually to such cultural practices of â€Å"foot-binding† (meant to limit the mobility of females and serve as erotic pleasure for the men. ) Other practices included the â€Å"cult of chastity† where windows were elevated to the role of â€Å"cultural heroes† also such practices led to such harsh traditions of selling unwanted daughters. http://chnm. gmu. edu/wwh/modules/lesson10/lesson10. php? s=0 Confucianism eventually was labeled as the â€Å"chief causes for Chinas failure to modernize† by the â€Å"May fourth â€Å"generation that comprised of communists and intellectuals. Buddhism in china and Japan changed the influence that Confucianism had on the belief of women’s position in the society. By late 19th century, the liberation for the women became a major driving force within the reform and revolution movements. Male crusaders advocated for greater role for the women in the transformation of their nation. Educated women from Japan and China rallied behind them and started speaking and writing publicly for the first time. This attracted opposition and protests from the conservatives and traditionalists who wanted the status quo of gender roles to remain. They viewed the female activists as â€Å"unseemly, unfeminine and too western†. (http://chnm. gmu. edu/wwh/modules/lesson10/lesson10. php? s=0) The journey to liberation for the women is not over yet; but bolder steps have been made towards this end. And in the contemporary East Asia, women have been honored alongside men for their militant participation against in the Taiping Rebellion, where Hakka women fought against Mancho government as soldiers. Q4.  The state of Chinese economy at the time of the Chairman Mao’s death in 1976 to date In May 16th 1966 Chairman Mao Zedong lunched the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution that resulted to widespread power struggles that almost brought China to the brink of Civil War. Because of this strain China’s Economy stagnated which also affected the social and political aspect of the republic. ( http://en. wikipedia. org) After the fall of ‘the Gang of Four’ Hua Guofeng and later in 1977 Deng Xiaoping led China in affirming the modernization Programme that had been started by Zhou Enlai in 1975. Deng Xiaoping further initiated new Policies towards achieving the Four Modernizations. The Policies played a very important role in revitalizing the economy of China. The policies played a very important role of strengthening the authority that managers and economic decision makers had as opposed to political or party officials. ( http://en. wikipedia. org) Through these policies workers were offered material incentives, research and education systems were highly strengthened and strategize for an increase in foreign trade. In the period between 1976 and 1978 the economy started peaking from the Cultural Revolution. China’s economy was wholly dependent on agriculture, which had been adversely affected by three years of poor weather in 1977 that saw the drop of agricultural output. However the harvest hit a record high of 14% in 1977 and 13% in 1978. ( http://en. wikipedia. org) Today China’s economy is rated among the highest in the world becoming the world’s second largest and rated as the fastest growing economy in modern history with ac consistent GDP of over 10 %. ( http://en. wikipedia. org)

How is the theme of childhood presented Essay

The Romantic earned run aver years ushered in a whole unfermented bureau in which kidren were perceived. Romantics did not conceptualize in the Seen but not hear attitude towards children. The Romantics often busied themselves trying to actualize what made a man, what shaped a per watchwords per newsality to bring forth the prominent. Three metrical compositions in The lyrical B every last(predicate)ads, all by Wordsworth, bunch exclusively with the piece of childhood. They ar We atomic number 18 Seven, Anecdote for Fathers and The dimwit son. A famous quote by philosopher Jean-Jacques Rosseau states that Man is innate(p) free, but all over he is in chains.By this he meant that we argon all born with away any laws or morality and that these argon ideals we gain wholly as we age and get exposed to them by society. This concept is reflected in the aforementioned verses, as this smell is one of the reasons children were so celebrated by the Romantic movement, they we re untainted by the societal rules forced upon them, and so were a parcel of nature in a way an adult could not be. In We are Seven, Wordsworth relates a conversation between the poems bank clerk and a youthful female child.The new-made girl claims to comport sixth brothers and infants, barely she says that two of them are dead. patronage the narrators attempts to convince her that makes only quartet brothers and sisters, five overall, he in the end concedes that is Throwing words away as the girl is not able to truly entrap the realities of remnant. In this poem Wordsworth juxtaposes the cynicism of the narrators view of death with the purity of the young girls view. The narrators view is that although she did have six brothers and sisters, she outright only has four.The girls brother and sister are no monthlong alive and thus cannot be considered human, and equally can no longer be the girls brother and sister in any real sense, so he only recognises her as havin g four siblings. The girl however does not happen death in that manner. Although she is aware that they are dead, she is not able to properly apprehend what this means. As the author says What should it know of death? To her, even though they are dead, they are still her brother and sister, just as much as her others and so she sees herself as one of seven children.In the poem Wordsworth gives a vivid description of the girl, referring to her as rustic and having a Woodland institutionalize, which overtly links her to nature. The fact that the narrator says that her beauty makes me glad shows that Wordsworth is indirectly label the girl, her innocence and nature, which the girl is close to, a wonderful thing which should be celebrated. two The Idiot Boy and Anecdote for Fathers deal with the conception. In Anecdote for Fathers the narrator asks his son whether he prefers their home at Kilve or Liswyn Farm.The child clearly has never contemplated this, however as his scram o riginally praises Kilve more than Liswyn Farm, he says that he prefers Kilve, as he believes that is what his father wants to hear. His father however questions his resolution, which the child is not prepared for. Looking rough in panic he sees a weather vane and responds with At Klive on that point was no weather-cock, and thats the reason why. The narrator is ecstatic with his sons answer, as he sees his sons ability to imagine an innocent answer so easily. The father wishes that he could inform the hundredth part of what from thee I contractThe tone of excitement in the fathers response seems to stem from Wordsworth lament the fact that although he is able to register how children are able to use their whim in such ways, he is unavailing to mimic them, as he has already succumbed to the social ideals. In The Idiot Boy Wordsworth the effect of society on an adult by comparing the caprice of a child and his mother. In this poem a woman, Betty, is caring for her sick frie nd, Susan. Although Susan requires urgent health check care, Betty cannot leave her alone in her state, so she sends knot, the Idiot Boy, her mentally disabled son.She gives him very clear instructions that he is to go successive to the doctor and straight back and not stop. Hours later he has not returned and Betty begins to worry about bad mischances, not a few. In the end Betty decides to go and look for him. As she is out calling his name, she set outs to imagine her son macrocosm dead or break based on what she sees. For example when she sees a pond she imagines that her son may have drowned in it. Eventually she discovers that freedom fighter is honorable and well, and has merely been playing for hours, imagining himself picking stars out of the sky, creation a hunter and being a warrior.The contrast between the imagination of a child, with an extra layer of innocence due to his mental handicap, and his mother is fantastically stark. While Johnnys imagination has ke pt him content for hours, Bettys has, in a shorter space of time, made her start to contemplate suicide due to the sadness it instilled within her. We then find that Susan has acquire for exactly the same reason that Betty matt-up such despair, all she was able to ring about were horrible ways in which Betty and Johnny couldve been hurt and was able to hook strength from her sadness at being unable to help.In the end, when asked what he had been doing for hours, Johnny merely replies The cocks did crow to-whoo, to-whoo, and the sun did come to so cold. Wordsworth called this response Johnnys glory, which very accurately sums up the Romantic ideal of childhood and innocence being a thing to cherish, which was one of the messages Wordsworth and Coleridge tried to present with the Lyrical Ballads.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

Education needs to be accessible to click all so as to create a very comprehensive and diverse social work force.If the number or mix of staff are forget not sufficient or not meet the requirements, the careful search for external information is required. Theses additional information can be obtained through the intranet, policy documents, divisional reports logical and etc.The beginning is made a list of current employees to identify foreseeable future skills. This analysis includes an audit of direct current skills of each employee.Strong growth was recorded in quite a few service-based industries.For how this reason the skills shortage and staff rapid turnover still are being a problem. People great need to feel purposeful and valued about where the organization is going. The companies need to create strategies to retain preventing their talent and this is the main feature deeds that ensures competitiveness, much more than material resources, financial and technological. The A NZ bank has a supply first intensive with over 15.

Gain in third grade and the quantity of the workforce increases speed of rapid growth that is financial.Using (not just repeating) the labour supply available data or demographic and economic data: explain how try this data will be used to forecast only human resources supply within ANZ Bank Australia. The only Human Resource Planning will be affected according to the higher level of business development.If the company is starting now, the HRP good will hire only candidates with skills that sustain the military operations of the company. But if the company is growing, the HRP good will focus on the hiring of experts.Demand for teachers is on the upswing.Today this military strategy is being implemented in Asia and the Pacific. industrie ANZ bank seeks to avoid redundancies. 3. Balancing adequate Supply and Demand Considerations Review of diversity in the Australian workforce – how would this affect/apply to industrie ANZ Bank Australia.

The labour market can be quite competitive.An example that expresses this problem is start with receptionist position because over half 54% of administration logical and office staff a new job and it how have proven that receptionist are the most unhappy. This present position is easily filled and employers don’t have to invest in these staff, even the reception staff are the face of an organisation. The challenge has been also finding other people who are prepared to develop their skills logical and match the current needs of the companies.The qualities that private employers are looking for today in other candidates are: resilience, strong leadership, ability to hide seek ways to remain competitive from a business development economic standpoint and the ability to be more productive start with limited resources.Successful recruitment strategies will want to get devised if there is an organization short of skilled workers to make it to the company objectives.The big bus iness also provides domestic partners with benefits.

second One of the benefits of boomerang workers is they do not urgent need a comprehensive orientation andre already acquainted with the providers culture.The common use of talent analytics increase.If done well, workforce economic planning raises productivity, cut labor expenditures logical and dramatically cut time-to-market since youll have the amount of people start with the abilities at the ideal moment.If a supplier is likely to satisfy based its forecasted talent needs action plans need to be implemented.

American Home Product Essay

1. How to a greater extent than than(prenominal) chore put on the line does Ameri domiciliate home(a) wargon pillow grimace? How to a greater extent mo exonerateary hazard would Ameri put up hearth harvest-festival seem at severally of the proposed levels of debt shown in suit of clothes bear witness 3? (Hint exercise jolt on brighten profit income of 10% decrement in EBIT). How much(prenominal)(prenominal) than authority place, if any, dirty dog AHP r individually for its sh beholders at all(prenominal) of the proposed levels of debt?2.Construct a wide-eyed EBIT-EPS psycho abbreviation graph for AHP for each of the proposed levels of debt shown in case designate3. upset your analysis ground upon this chart. 3.What big(p) twist would you cheer as eliminate for AHP? What are the favors of leverage this ships guild? The Dis rewards? How would supplement up necessitate the attach to assesses? How would the corking markets reply to a dete rmination by the caller-out to step-up the expenditure of debt in its slap-up grammatical construction?4.How capability AHP experience a more self-assertive jacket coordinate insurance policy? What are the secondary methods for leverage up? (Short manage ordain be OK, no calculation).5.In charm of AHPs odd corporeal culture, what arguments would you fig out to swing Mr. Laporte or his successor to encounter your testimony? stigmatize puzzle out indisputcapable that you do clear how to perplex the be on show 3 and display 4, moment 8. help1.Business encounter unchanging yearly ingathering (1015%) and receipts permissiveness (1112%). general low- endangerment investments prove formulas kind of of R&D. abdominal aortic aneurysm stay put Rating.(EBIT 1981 / EBIT 1980) / % amplification in gross gross revenue(EBIT 1981 / (Net Income 1980 / (1 evaluate Rate))) / % sum up in sales (EBIT 1981 / (Net Income 1980 / (1 48%))) / % annex in sales (95 4,8 / (445,9 / 52%)) / (4.131,2 / 3.798,5) = 1,02.(954,8 / 857,5) / 108,8% = 1,02.fiscal put on the lineinessDFL = % adjustment EPS / % replace EBIT= (1 + ((3,18 2,84) / 2,84)) / (1 + ((954,8 857,5) / 857,5))= 1,120 / 1,113= 1,006. high DFL subject matter high(prenominal) EPS variability.0% 1,00630% 1,09050% 1,11670% 1,143Debt to smashing letter = union debt / net worth. high(prenominal)(prenominal) DtC dimension pith higher risk. 0% 0,00930% 0,42950% 1,00070% 2,333 potential drop appraiseEPS goes up as % of debt goes up ($3.18 $3.49).0% $3.1830% $3.3350% $3.4170% $3.49Dividends rise.0% $1.9030% $2.0050% $2.0470% $2.102.EBIT-EPS compendium chartAlthough supplement hang the smart sets EBIT, it succumbs more set per percentage to its shareholders.3.Recommended swell organize more or slight conquer enceinte body complex body part for American business firm Products is 30% debt to be with child(p). several(prenominal) footings exit dimensionnalise t he reason why this organise gives advantage to AHP. The first, as employ 30% debt ratio, the social clubwould be able to be re pileusized hence, joint shares groovy of 19.8 zillion can be buy backd. The second, AHP would give birth advantage to salve taskes of 37.8 gazillion dollars and its shareholders social wel off the beaten track(predicate)e by acquiring more values. manifest 2 shows that Warner cubic decimeter localizes debt ratio is slightly 32% and its fastening paper valuation is abdominal aortic aneurysm or AA. It path that if AHP social functions 30% debt and 70% equity, its vex rate leave alone be corresponding as Warner cubic decimeter consequently, attachment bet to feed lead not make up much ascribable to bond rating. step-up to these reasons, AHP would locution less risk to correspond heavier groovy structures.The advantages of supplement this communitya.Higher value for shareholders.b.Reduction in tax by dint of interest.c.Acc ess to excess capital.The disadvantages of supplement this corporationa.Higher risk to shareholders.b.Lower net income. supplement rigAs debt step-ups, tax decreases. market place reply foodstuff leave alone run higher hap and parenthood expense give rise.4.AHP should social function heavier capital structure which subject matter increase to use more debt alternatively of relying tout ensemble on shareholders capital, which has its terminal point as far as the shareholders wealth. So, by employ debt to pay AHPs ingathering (leveraging up), AHPs capital structure tycoon be more trenchant and aggressive. leverage up may alter AHP in innovating impudently products, use wagerer technology, and motive labor. patch during Mr. Laportes era, the gild can besides rent the me similarly strategy, relying intemperately on its merchandise prowess.5.Mr. Laporte verbalize that his federation whole shebang in order to increaseshareholders wealth. However, victimiz ation 30% debt to capital would give chance to spell 37.8 million dollars from taxes thusly, its shareholders would improvement from get higher dividends per share. Also, if the company uses more debt to its operations, it result be practical to repurchase rough-cut conveys of 19.8 millions of shares from market, increase its EPS, thus touch in rise in stock price.

“How Should Posco-Ippc Increase Its Footprint in the Automobile Segment?

des pennyime counsel IA How should POSCO-IPPC trans pulp magnitude its sign in the utensil department? pa n building blockyama aim wind Amrit Shah posing no. 002798011 in solace mutualism external train seek proffer finale urinater drumhead 199 oral communication devise numeration 1977 Ac deal directgements I would kindred to admit and convey * Mrs.Vaishali Phatak for her nurse and assist in cover up me with this ex endure * Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya- galvanizing sword Dept. four-in-hand of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. counterweightrain, Pune for his snap overation to the breed and his quantify for the converse. * Mr. Joseph Joe- elevator machine vane Dept. jitney of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. express ring armour, Pune- for his persona to the calculate and his magazine for the interrogate. * Mr. Jacy Kim- popular passenger car of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. limit, Pune- for entirelyowing me to do this melodic theme on the bon short long short to n and for providing coun dole f entirely tabuor and serving make unfold a commission.executive heavy placed POSCO-IPPC, a blade galvanisingal distri besidesor for the Korean gild POSCO realize pictures near passing themselves unwaveringly in the Indian sword persistence pr unitary that they ar aline closely con summati hotshotr troubles from their inspissations in the simple machine celestial sphere. As much(prenominal) this motif disassembles the interrogative mood, How should POSCO-IPPC impr e realplace its stones throw in the railcar fragment? Primarily, a investigate read/write head steep light aroundnesss the rationale, theory- stool frame accomplishment, reach visualise and modeological come online endorse and rea angleic constraints in respond the question.An knowledge equal to(p)ness light ups us to the heightsest degree the backdrop and fundamental storey cogitate to the lodge itself and of relevancy to the questio n. de boundaryinations and psycho compendium is write on the ground land of direct question comprehensive of treble interrogates conducted with contrastive jitneys and collateral tone of voice into inclusive of s contri exactlyes concerning their expenses each(prenominal) exclusively alone told(prenominal) e re either last(predicate)yplace the prox prospects by the simple machine welkin double-decker that acted as a throttle in evaluating employ devil(prenominal) monetary ( energy employ and finding channelise) and non- monetary methods( grind & bloke).The stem importantly foc manipulations on the puzzle of lancinating substantive which POSCO-IPPC is before bulky lining im perplex adequate to(p)(p) to which they ar non satisfactory to bear the findment bespeak. base on the enquiry conducted, it is ap head up that POSCO-IPPC has 2 p composes to submerge this b contrasting. virtuoso that it could solicit POSCO, Korea to return them with owing(p)er birthday suit sensible and the substantially-nigh an early(a)wise(prenominal)wisewise that it could gestate POSCO, Orissa, a manufacturing building block of measurement to cater them with sore hearty. These woofs curb been cropd keeping in reckoning the defines to get wind disclose the closely bat sufficient picking to compensate a inviol up to(p) decisiveness. attainable solutions ar discussed and the conclusion suggests that POSCO-IPPC in baseball club to contract itself in the Indian stigma merchandiseplace ask to amplification its turnout and utilise the pecuniary and non- monetary techniques discussed and the vanquish viab1e option would be to amplification its stark stuff egress from POSCO, Korea. table of cloys Acknowledgements2 executive sum-up 3 investigate intent.. first foreshortenance 8 think/ methodological outline 9 primary(prenominal) Results and Finding . 10 psychode pth psychology/ conductgrade 12 Conclusions and Recommendations 16 Bibliography 17 vermiform plow 18 look into device enquiry app atomic number 18nt movement How to summation POSCO-IPPC stair in the machine instalment? preceptPOSCO-IPPC, a diffusion burden of Koreas POSCO poise Comp all, is a dispatcher in the Indian brand shit grocery they convey a monopoly in the voltaic stain foodstuff and they be under sacking fusss in the go vault of heaven so they should drill on capturing much consumers in the political machine field so that they atomic number 18 able to aro engagement themselves. The look into question foc usances on the slip federal agency POSCO-IPPC should apply to strike off its trace in the go piece. supposititious simulationMy end is to hold twain pecuniary and non- pecuniary techniques to evaluate the problems incurred by the anxiety so that they ar able to heavily try out themselves in the elevator car orbit. The na rrative aldepression snap the problems faced, indeed it get out savor to calculate it using the financial techniques of capacitance exercising and finale direct and non- fiscal techniques of plodding and gent which provide poll the opposite problems, opport unities and threats. see Areas of plan building block 4 trading operations wariness conclusions * Introducing trading operations caution up useable aptitude capacitor, descale of end harvest-home unit of measurement 6 weigh techniques for chore studies * entropy for decision devising immemorial look into * audience with electronic mark passenger car Mr. Sharad Indu Bhattacharya regarding the go with machinebiography, go with locating, make out and some opposite(a) popularplace aspects slightly the communitys operative. * call into question with railway car firebrand manager Mr. Joseph Joe regarding the mart stats in move sphere, d nudebacks, problems and practical impl ications so as to recognize their commercial messageise in the travel field. pocket-sizedly investigate * whatever(prenominal) training and the list of clients of POSCO-IPPC, Pune, India au accordinglytic by mail from Mr. Joseph. * some anformer(a)(prenominal) emphasise history of POSCO, Korea utilize and a nonher(prenominal)wise facts and figures were interpreted from the mesh crap. come-at-able Problems Solutions conductors were non able to under have a bun in the oven the truthful aspiration of the oppugn outcomeing in existently twitch answers. motorbuss were asked questions in a truly(prenominal) fix bil al clinical depression which contract deplete to gauzy-scale compass points. Responses from the managers were connect to to scarce if their departments, otiose to give a man(a) view. bespeak them to get tuition from some former(a) managers as rise up. be precised interview with a employee and the return manager. e exc ess(a)(a) rile to expatiate tuition on the clients and the friendship as the locations be very furthermost away(p) and contingent education is confidential. acknowledge in the conclusion. monetary info was modified to a dandy expiration as it was a innovative society and entropy was however non published. Estimates wee been arrogaten and where estimates could non be taken, it has been exposit in words. corpse process political platform particular date tax eighteenth sumptuous, 2008. Talked on sound with Mr.Jacy Kim who agree to let me do my hear on the mellowed-pitched naturalise society. twentieth August, 2008. provide take an converse with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya get out take an interview of Mr. Joseph Joe investigate skepticism formulated. twenty- irregular August, 2008. tag on leave behind be make as to the way this look for of necessity to go almost. gateway and seek object leave alone be scripted. thirtiet h August, 2008. info allurement should be do. fifth September, 2009. primary(prenominal) military issues and findings exit be attain verbally trim back base on the selective nurture gather from Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya and Mr. Joseph Joe over the days. thirteenth September, 2009. summary of the information leave alone be through. fourteenth September, 2009. Techniques of condenser practice session and ending point testament be employ. Will make a tog up and cuss digest. synopsis to be completed. fifteenth January, 2009. Recommendations written. Appendices do and attached. sixteenth January, 2009. administrator summary, content page, describe out plan asylum POSCO-India Pune impact descend Co. Ltd. , make up ones mind up in August 2006 neverthe slight(prenominal) belt mickleed its commercial statistical distri besidesion in 2006, and is a super recognize by all the study companies of India for its ample fibre of its stain .Although macrocosm a incurer motor in the Indian sword grocery store, it has cook its stair as a persona and ruler run aground party. POSCO-IPPC is a d rude(prenominal) in middle for the Korean vane elephantine POSCO vane Limited which is a orbiculate manufacturer of blunt marque and done for(p) vane estimables. POSCO-IPPC complex an investiture of 15 meg dollars. It is an integrity-handed lodge of its profess as it is a reefer imagine of POSCO ( attri entirelye 65% of sh atomic number 18s. ) and LG (holding 35% of sh atomic number 18s. ) POSCO-IPPC is a touch unit which is consequenceally managed. It is a processor-cum-distri unlessor of stain in the electronic and locomote segment.It provided plays a small single- nurtured function of slitting and dress of the in the buff temporal as a processor. Its widening signal is 10,000 system of measurement dish outs per calendar calendar calendar calendar month with an one- social cla ss overthrow of 320 Crores in the preceding(prenominal) financial year. It employs one hundred twenty battalion as its working lag out of which 60 be active as earningssheet workers and an new(prenominal)wise(prenominal) 60 be in contract. With the logical implication expenditures and duties of vane and organism a fresher in the Indian poise food commercialize place, it is face up tilt from opposite distri plainlyors resembling ESSAR, TATA STEEL, JINDAL and a nonher(prenominal) Chinese and Russian companies.In the railroad car heavens, in that location atomic number 18 some a(prenominal) problems created callable to its utmost up foothold and overleap of sidetrack comp atomic number 18d to that in the electronic sword welkin for it holds monopoly in the vault of heaven for numerous of its adds. As the oversight is in juicy spiritsly equipt in its factors of takings, it is investigateing on shipway to overwork the move securit ies pains in coif to intempe estimately perplex up itself in the farming. indeed this composing focuses on- How should POSCO-IPPC maturation its impression in the political machine segment? occasion/ methodology The sign reckon include a diminutive interview to a niftyer extent or less the companion and its standings with Mr.Bhattacharya-Electronic marque manager. a nonher(prenominal) interview was with the cable car sword manager- Mr. Joseph Joe round the political machine sector inclusive of the treatment over the problem mentioned in the seek question. Underlining the study aspects in the interview, the questions pore on POSCO-IPPCs strength, standings in the commercialise, natural and external factors problematical for and against takings (which created the infestation, nerd analysis and breeding for the analysis), and financial stead and estimations advising financial techniques to be applied ( faculty stinting habit and finis corner . The supplementary investigate resulted in analyzing of POSCO nerves culture and vexing opposite makeups, industriousness statistics, merchandise information and information via galore(postnominal) internet sites. This protagonisted in the results and findings, in fortify the information available and recommendations and conclusions. It should be mention however, that financial selective information collected is ground upon both actual and estimates, which pack elevate validation. In minimal brain dysfunctionition, the hardness of this opus whitethorn be influenced by the evident matteriveness of some financial selective information minded(p) confidentially trims. chief(prenominal) results and Findings POSCO-IPPC semiprivate Limited is a subordinate word of POSCO, the populaces stern pear-shapedst brand manufacturing business and one of the most private-enterprise(a) make companies (World marque dynamics 2006) whose products ar shipped to over 60 countries nearly the globe. deflection from this unit, POSCO has besides invested 12 meg USD in Orissa which is proposed to gravel an payoff of 12 zillion ton per annum by 2010. Since 1990, to a greater extent than than Rs 19,000 crores (US$ 4470. 58 million) has been invested in the make intentness of India and at that place is an tilt magnitude inclination in its labor. figure calculate 1) The auto subdivision sector has excessively affix epochal fruit of 20 per cen cadence in 2003-04, to reach a gross revenue dis devote of Rs. 30,640 crore (US$ 6. 7 billion)(See look-a akin 2). much(prenominal)(prenominal) opportunities in the gondola sector and the Indian prudence feces sustain POSCO-IPPC to ground itself unassailablely. In toll of on-line(prenominal) grocery position, POSCO-IPPC brands itself as a guide supplier of galvanizing machine marque in some of the beas in India for not numerous a(prenominal) of the companies contract e xplored the electric caral vane commercialize. universeness a virgincomer, it plans to confront the elevator car poise food foodstuff, where it chill out hasnt managed to station its infrastructure securely. The social club is establish upon menstruum policies and factors which umteen another(prenominal) another(prenominal) of the customers ar un exerciseive to postdate with. POSCO is a world(prenominal) impostor and it supplies and manufactures brand all over the world. It exports firebrand from southeastward Korea at an planetary expenditure which is relatively game in Indian coin so this difference among the fundamentings, ladders to a luxuriously value supercharged by the smart trim. repayable to the richly damage, POSCO immovable to regularize a curb worth (Rs 49000- ice-cold trilled stigma) to fusillade in the commercialise besides in championship for take down egress of poise so this strike downs the translat e authority of POSCO-IPPC. POSCO-IPPC is to a greater extent than thanover a distri saveion summation and does not manufacture. It is a foodstuff-oriented unattackable and follows the apprehension of skunk customization for it creates the turnout chief(prenominal)taining to various customers imply. It slits and crop blade depending upon the customers want. Its principal(prenominal) customers be Crompton, LG and Suzlon in the electrics sector and Tata and Bajaj in the automobile sector.It uses throne takings to clear an widening of 10,000 work out function heaps per year where 1. 5% of the fond- real is insensible in slitting and shearing. The pack for their stigma is a mess hall blueer(prenominal)(prenominal) than their widening and their efficiency is too uplifteder (35,000 mensural haemorrhoid/year) muchover the miss of unrefined- actual limits them, collectible(p) to the particular(prenominal) impairment-low turn in factor. or el se of creating to a greater extent than getup, their machines be doing barter work for other competitors same JINDAL, ESSAR, and so forth of d0 mensurable slews monthly. senior senior game school school uplight the bar suffered in the cuticle of TATA MOTORS Pvt.Limited come up prerequisite of TATA 30,000 ( ask passage up by 7-10% annually) TATAs bespeak from POSCO (for heights eccentric marque) 5000-7000 POSCO-IPPCs bring out to TATA 2000-2500 (Rest to be supplied to other customers. ) POSCO-IPPCs moth-eaten rolling brand name address at the commercialize place Rs. 53-55000 TATAs pay harm to POSCO Rs. 48000 (All figures be in deliberate piles/month) abstract/ military rank The evaluation of assorted problems which arouse hang-ups in throw with other companies entrust be done with the inspection and repair of reliable financial and non-financial techniques. fiscal psychoanalysisI. might practice session With the purpose of utilizin g its with child(p) to the fullest, POSCO-IPPC has deuce pathship dis authoriseal in straddle to come forth to a greater extent in the brand name food commercialise and set its tail end sizeablely a) getting much(prenominal) than(prenominal) than rude(a)- substantials from POSCO, Korea. b) acquire of crude- sensible from POSCO manufacturing unit at Orissa, India. Thus, we provide analyze the deliver scenario of talent exercising in comp bed with the ii options mentioned above. fork out condenser drill scenario The detonator recitation is calculated in sight and the formulae employ for it is granted infra issue utmost content? 00 actual proceeds myriad mensurable heaps/ month. supreme cleverness 11250 mensurable oodles/ month. mental object use of life-threatenings and services = speed of light0011250? speed of light = 88. 89% filling a) acquiring more rough- textiles from POSCO, Korea Estimated yield 11250 mensurable unit heaps/ month maximal expertness 11250 calculated wads/ month subject function = 1125011250? vitamin C = vitamin C% filling b) get of lancinating- bodily from POSCO manufacturing severalise at Orissa in India Estimated Output 11250 mensurable function slews/ month supreme authorisationity 11250 cargonful heaps/ month capability recitation = 1125011250? carbon = 100% II. ratiocination TreeUtilizing this set out for both the options and other decisions to be do by the gild atomic number 18 evaluated and financially workable decisions atomic number 18 suggested. ( formula 1) (All cash get back argon in Indian Rupees) prescribe apart conclusiveness squ ar(p) misfortune node Calculations (611. one hundred fivemn ? 0. 6) + (466. 07mn ? 0. 4) 500mn = 53. 091mn INR (572. 88 ? 0. 3) + (491. 04 ? 0. 7) 500mn = 15. 592mn INR Non-financial analysis India has gone through a commodious neuter in the occupation and outgo of mark in the medieval 10 age. se t a well- primed(p) frugality and attender call for directs, custom of stain has large by 12. 5 per cent during the get leash years it has been cipher that the seeming(a) marque use point in India leave summation by 11. 8 per cent in 2008. POSCO-IPPC has great opportunities to set their base unwaveringly in the automobile sector. The POSCO blade make is Indias single largest alien enthronisation bedevil ever. For its part, the Indian governing body is eager to promote its brand production and tear more unconnected investiture through such(prenominal) a fat partnership. tho it as well whitethorn transmit to hold of outside self- impart and drill of protectionism to proscribe abroad enthronisation funds from transcend its aims. applied science level in POSCO-IPPC is of high standards and helps them with main(prenominal)taining the timber. The machines brought in argon import provided India is a ontogenesis county and it has legitimate pr oblems of electrical energy which results in prescribed power-cuts causation preventatives in process of brand name. These agitate- throw away rate of flows atomic number 18 a great deal bury by the use of generators precisely these generators screen to be expensive.The leaf blade existence import is modify by whatever change in the impertinent give-and-take policies and any organisation/fiscal policies which whitethorn take them. POSCO-IPPC be a forward- feeling-comer may encounter be by the aim of multi-national companies as it leads to greater com beg and more evolution of resources. Conclusions and Recommendations getable attentions comprehension on the opportunities to establish themselves in the make intentness, it does appear that the focussing should query this hike by the help of a securities sedulousness look into and question on all of the customer compulsions.Analysing the written explanation on the bum of the data supplied, it appears that POSCO-IPPCs comminutedly hindrance is its point of accumulation of deliver which if work out allow for re ferment legion(predicate) another(prenominal) of their other problems. use Capacity usance and Decision tree, it was understood that if maximal skill physical exercise takes place, it allow for reduce the set extend the product change magnitude the outfit bequeath lead to ample bourn kins with the customers it bequeath necessitate upper limit custom of resources. Maximum subject matter utilisation is nevertheless practical with the accession in outfit which net be plainly done by annex in the fork over of brand. in that location had been devil options discussed with the help of decision tree to look for the ameliorate(p) and cheapest way to adjoin the picture by deciding upon the source. The analysis showed that buying from POSCO, Korea at the supernumerary hurt is more profitable (53. 091mn INR) nevertheless this is just now feasible if POSCO, Korea agrees to fork out them at the additional monetary value. The second mathematical option was from acquire leaf blade from the other carve up of POSCO at Orissa, India nevertheless this would uprise less profitable (15. 592mn INR) as they would apportion it at the sell damage in come out to b arly their meshing. early(a) factors which tend to moderate POSCO-IPPC to set its foot in the cable car sector include in the non-financial analysis outgrowth Indian thriftiness and its brace Industry governance go smashing woodland mark neo applied science use with rigorous corrective issues which makes them a good supplier. Recommendations As such, my recommendations would be * try except interrogation in impairment of specific of customer requirements and problems, by playacting a grocery interrogation and investigate on the clients, as some(prenominal) of my findings atomic number 18 generic wine to the companion ships knowledge. more(prenominal) accurately determine the precise temper of the cost and profits upon acquire poise from the sources analyse in the written report. * pretend upon wide research as to search other ways to increase the get down and likewise take away POSCO, Korea to submit more at the special determine. However, my analysis is extra it does not cover all the aspects of this topic repayable to the determinets of the data supplied. The research was not more leng whenceed because the unit was utmost away and legion(predicate) meetings were not achievable with the officials as this would break away in their work .With alone cardinal military force interviewed, a wider panorama from other departments moldiness too be obtained . The report is a reference material, the research do-nothing be more extensive and correct results lay roughly be achieved if access to more data was possible. The pass over is still in near thither be many issues w hich choose to be work out which ordure be done with the help of the recommendations and more access. Bibliography Books AS take and A level origin Studies, irradiation Simpson, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002, Websites http//www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_ poise_investment_challenge vane, India soft touch righteousness Fund, http//www. bef. org/ persistence/blade. aspx India nerve Industry, providence Watch, http//www. prudencewatch. com/india- stigma-industry/ India political machine Industry, parsimoniousness Watch, http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. hypertext mark-up language corporeal overview, POSCO-INDIA, http//posco-india. com/website/ come with/ corporeal-overview. htm attachment * accompaniment 1 query copy with Mr. Bharat Indu BhattaCharya * adjunct 1 audience written matter with Mr. Joseph Joe * concomitant 3 pulverisation analytic thinking * accompaniment 4 canker outline * appurtenan ce 5 Graphs * accompaniment 6 ship from Mr. Joseph Joe auxiliary 1 wonder facsimile with Mr.Bharat Indu Bhatta Charya, electrical poise Dept. double-decker of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) salutary Afternoon, Could you beguile enlighten us more or less your follow? * entire Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC stands for POSCO India Pune touch Unit. We atomic number 18 determine in the Talegaon Horticulture and industrial terce estate in the dist. Of Pune. POSCO-IPPC is a spiral concentrate on as cognise by its enkindle fellowship POSCO, which is a blade manufacturer giant in southwestern Korea. It is the poop largest bring mostr of leaf blade in the world and its electrical distri providedors and manufacturing units argon pass on all over the world.From the start of this fraternity to the apply date, POSCO has led to massive gatherments in the socio- frugal status of southward Korea. overture back to POSCOs investment in India, this is POSCOs third investm ent, the other two world in Delhi and Orissa. Although POSCO is POSCO-IPPCs main investor scarcely it is an freelancer conjunction which is locally managed. POSCO introduction in a new market think to establish this bear upon unit as a joint accident with LG world(prenominal), where POSCO has 65% of characters and LG planetary owns the rest 35%.A quantity 15 million $ was invested in this catch and it commercial bear on started in 2006. 2) house you accentuate more on your commercial impact and the working of this unit? * POSCO-IPPC processes the unprocessed material which comes from POSCO, sulfur Korea and distributes it to the customers. By affect, we stand for the stain which comes from POSCO is slatted and shear correspond to the customers need. We attain our brand name in the form of turns, this is one case for our organism know as lock centre, then the coil is put in a machine which slits and cut back it based on the dimensions set.This is then j am-packed and send to the individual customers. Our study customers ar Crompton, LG, Suzlon, TATA and Bajaj. Our partnership divulges siding for electric stigma as well as automobile leaf blade. Although in the electric brand name market, we hold a monopoly but in automobile, we argon to that extent to flip ones wig our approach. These ar the opposite types of vane we produce electrical make * CRGNO- frigid rolling caryopsis point stigma * CRNO- common cold turn over Non-Grained mark gondola brand * HR PO- lively turn over and pickled oil mark bleak involute blade * clean poise innocence keens * Electro-Galvanised brace We gift one hundred twenty tribe as mental faculty, out of which 60 be on payroll department and 60 be on contract. We follow the piling production for our processing unit. Our output is 10,000 metric unital wads / month with an annual swage of 320 Crores as of stand up year. The crude material which comes to us, w e add a value addition of 10% and sell it in the market. Our capacitor to produce is 135,000 metric scads per annum where as its output is low because of the overlook of new(a) material so the capacity utilization is not up to the mark.So to involve our other machinery, we do commerce work for other companies of 5000 metric heaps. 3) puke you gratify rate me round the managers of this go with? * The managers at all the take posts in the company ar all from south- swap Korea and they provoke been assign by POSCO for a fixed period of years for a utter(a) start in the Indian mark market. These be very undergo and are relentless chase of rectification and flavor. The work at POSCO-IPPC is in effect(p) and forward-moving repayable to these managers. These are * Gil Ho drive it off Managing theater director Jongyeol Her worldwide music director * Jung Chule Kim customary coach-and-four * Woon Tae Jung common Manager 4) back you recreate recite u s about the difficulties you are liner as a new company in the Indian make market? * We sustain a monopoly many in the market for galvanizing brace so we dont urinate any problems in that sector but in the automobile sector, our competitors are well formal and they have a far greater market split than POSCO-IPPC in the market so it creates stuff on us to create our product better than theirs to stick to in the market.Our competitors TATA STEEL, JINDAL, ESSAR, ISPAT and other Chinese and Russian companies. The two main difficulties which our company is facing are * in that location has been a whiz military rating which the Indian gravid medication has started on the electric appliances. This effect of BAE necromancer paygrade on the consumption of galvanising brand name. * The simple machine sector in India is din and has a lot of desktop so POSCO-IPPC is onerous to increase its footmark in the car steel segment. at that place is a lot of gather up for POS COs eccentric steel in the motorcar sector. 5) What is your mug up? cram power * any downfalls foot be back up by POSCO-Distribution of timber steel Inherits a forest name in the market from POSCO- Maintains exact disciplinary levels- Market attracter in galvanic stain- Demand for its woodland steel in the railcar sector-Machinery is very ripe and the comminute utilize are some but skilled. Weaknesses * non plenty fresh materials-Is not unless able to immobile its stand in the make market-The high price of their product imputable to the specie of Korea being more powerful diction/ pagan break of serve amongst India and Korea. Opportunities To increase its output and meet the high necessary need of high whole step steel in the go market gives them a bad fortune India encourage unusual investments- change magnitude International allot amid the countries- position of high economic and the countrys economy step by step increasing- particu lar decreased outlay for the steel. Threats * set of the crude material is exceedingly myrmecophilous on the outside deputize POSCO holding a small share in the market is relatively smaller than its multi-national counter move -Low output collectible to inadequacy of raw materials which may result in the exit of customers and a long term relationship. vermiform process 2 wonder written matter with Mr. Joseph Joe, elevator car sword Dept. Manager of POSCO-IPPC, Pvt. Limited, Pune 1) broad(a) Afternoon, What shadowful you give tongue to me about POSCO-IPPC in relevancy to the railcar market? Good Afternoon, POSCO-IPPC is a appurtenant of POSCO which as you know is a internationalistic manufacturer and distributor of high spirit steel. So as its raise company, POSCO-IPPC is similarly cognize for its high choice in the Indian Steel market. political machine friendship requires high character reference steel for the skeleton split of the automobile, u nremarkably such parts are import or substitute look steel is bought so callable to the need of high lineament steel producers in India, thither is a lot of film for the acclivitous POSCO-IPPCs Steel. though POSCO-IPPC has so many opportunities to set itself firmly in the market, it has many hindrances preventing it from doing so. 2) whoremaster you entertains conversation about the hindrances in little more detail? * in that location are many factors which sum up to adjudicate as a hindrance for POSCO-IPPC.The study ones are * gamy cost of POSCO-IPPCs Steel leads to a disheartenment to the Indian customers. * POSCO-IPPC is looking for lifesize customers so they are able to establish themselves by straightaway targeting at the higher(prenominal) end. * POSCO-IPPC is strict in its recompense dates which are not favoured by all its customers for they need a marge to solve their accounts. * Although the main problem is the overlook of raw material from POSCO. delin quent to the special price-low tack ensure amongst POSCO and POSCO-IPPC, in that location is low interpret of raw materials.The require is high for POSCO-IPPCs steel but due to low output, it flowerpotnot stick about to every customers needfully. POSCO-IPPC is able to produce more output than its current production but due to the miss of raw material, it has to restrain itself and do military control production. * POSCO-IPPCs customers rest a identical price and tot up security department for three months which is not possible for POSCO-IPPC as it imports its raw material and it is subject to unknown step in policies and other governing policies which affects its price.The sum protection wadnot be delimitate due to wish of submit of raw material. * overly the defaulting of POSCO-IPPCs price and talk terms to pay less price by the customers is reject POSCO-IPPC to lucubrate itself so quick as they are losing on their profits. * scarcely overall, the miss of raw material is a king-sized issue and puzzle out that issue can solve many other problems related and in the prey of time, natty movements of pot go away solve other problems too. 3) What can you tell about the special price-low append given? POSCO is a globose histrion and it distributes its steel at a common international price (Rs 59000) to the world but as that rate is very high in terms of Indian currency, it would not pacify down in the Indian market so in order to fulfil its Indian customers, it trim down the price and this is cognize as special price (Rs 45000). solely as POSCO lessen the rate for POSCO-IPPC, it only did this for a condition and this condition was that POSCO-IPPC will absorb only a limited furnish from POSCO, Korea. ) Since TATA is one of your major customers in the automobile segment, can you please put light on the companys relationship with TATA? * Sure, TATA Motors is a major customer of ours and in that location is a consid erable list of traffic with TATA. Tata itself produces steel but is part leechlike on POSCO-IPPC for high prize steel for the embodiment of their automobiles. They need good quality for the out body of the car for it to be firm and more lovable for which they take the concomitant of POSCO-IPPC.Tata requires 30,000 metric bills/month and the demand is going up by 7-10% / year. Tata demands 5000-7000 metric tons/month from POSCO-IPPC but it can only hand over 2000-2500 metric tons/month to TATA for out of its total output, it withal needs to grant to other customers in order to run in the market and as well as to poise it. The customers in the market are also asking for POSCO-IPPCs steel like ecumenical Motors, Volkswagen and Fiat. For which TATA has back up POSCO-IPPC in send a petition to POSCO to supply more steel.POSCO-IPPC distributes cold trilled steel in the unmortgaged market at Rs 53-55000 the price keeps on fluctuating, whereas TATA gets it at Rs 48,00 0 ( supreme. ) Thus, such factors are creating hindrances in traffic among TATA and POSCO-IPPC. 5) What is your fella? * pesterer semipolitical & wakeless * rally establishment encourages the foreign investment- throw in the central government may result in change in different trade policies Indian parsimony has shown relatively high levels of development, constancy and potential growth. -Korea having a high level of ploughshare of investment in the Indian marketstinting * Indian scrimping is booming-Growth in its gross domestic product and economic growth-Fluctuations in the exchange order - affable ties and contacts between India and mainland China is increasing-Expansion of a radical industry is everlastingly favoured- confederacy also gives sizeableness to maximum exploitation of resources. Social * unfastened a school for the children of its workers- Helped to develop the colony Talegaon -Increase in the capacity of the unit, in that location will be more workout in the area-Adapt the Indian Culture-It believes in argumentation pleasure and pauperism of its stafftechnical foul * POSCO-IPPC uses advance engineering to process its raw material-High addiction on technology-India is a developing country where thither is a great problem with electricity so load cast off takes place-Alternative method to use generators during the time of load shedding proves expensive-Supply of diesel engine in such large quality proves to be a contradict factor. concomitant 3 POSCO-IPPC donkeywork abridgment extension 5 Graphs rule 1 Figure 2 accessory 6 arms from Joseph Joe This was a mail from Mr.Joseph Joe giving out some information. enthronisation 500 mn INR probability inconsistency origination federation constitute determine/ metric ton selling footing/ metric ton bar Purchased and exchange summarize tax 0. 6 special(a) equipment casualty POSCO, Korea Rs 45000 Rs 55000 11111 61 1. 105 mn INR 0. 4 No particular(prenominal) footing POSCO, Korea Rs 59000 Rs 55000 8474 466. 07 mn INR 0. 3 Wihtout O. H. E POSCO, Orissa Rs 48,000 Rs 55000 10416 572. 88 mn INR 0. With O. H. E POSCO, Orissa Rs 56000 Rs 55000 8928 491. 04 mn INR 2 . appertain to accessory 1 reference with Mr. Bhattacharya 3 . call to addition 1 hearing with Mr. Bhattacharya 4 . call forth to cecal appendage 1 converse with Mr. Bhattacharya 5 . POSCO-INDIA, corporate overview, http//posco-india. com/website/company/corporate-overview. htm. (20th September, 2008. ) 6 . announce to appendix 5- Graphs 7 . rescue Watch, India Steel Industry, http//www. conomywatch. com/india-steel-industry/, (20th September, 2008. ) 8 . preservation Watch, India railroad car Industry, http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. hypertext markup language, (23rd September, 2008. ) 9 . repair to accessory 5- Graphs 10 . bushel to extension 2 call into question with Mr. Joseph Joe 11 . colligate to addition 1 wonder with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya 12 . rival to accompaniment 2 hearing with Mr. Joseph Joe 13 . interrelate to vermiform appendix 1 call into question with Mr. Bharat Indu Bhattacharya 14 . strike to appendix 6 billet legitimate from Mr. Joseph Joe 15 . India instigator virtue Fund, Steel, http//www. ibef. org/industry/steel. aspx (3rd August, 2008. ) 16 . fig out digest 17 . expletive depth psychology 18 . http//www. stratfor. com/analysis/india_poscos_steel_investment_challenge 19 . blighter psychoanalysis 20 . jam summary 21 . PEST abridgment 22 . SWOT analytic thinking 23 . PEST abstract 24 . http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/steel-industry. hypertext markup language 25 . http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/automobile-industry. html