leadership and management :: essays research papers

The Functions of solicitudeHenri Fayol first person to execute up with a list of functions or elements of attentionPlanning mise en scene objectives and also strategies, policies, programmes and procedures for achieving them.Organising managers set tasks which need to be preformed if the business wants to achieve its objectives. command this involves giving instructions to subordinates to carry out tasks. The manager has the authority to put one over decisions.Co-ordinating this is the bringing together of the activities of people within the business.Controlling managers measure and redress the activities of individuals and groups, to make sure that their performance moderates in with plans.The management process woodpecker Drucker grouped the operations of management into five categoriesSetting objectives for the organisation communication channel measurement assessing whether the business has met its objectivesOrganising the flirtMotivating employeesDeveloping peop le the management should bring out the best in peopleFour styles of managementAutocratic orders come form the top, and no leeway is allowedDemocratic less(prenominal) transfer, give space for initiativeLaissez faire arises from over worked or lazy management, rung is left to their own devicesPaternalistic decision making is still centralised but a noniceable attention and c be for staffMcGregors surmisal X & YDouglas McGregor undertook a survey of managers in the the States and identified two styles of management, which he called Theory X and Theory Y.Theory X managers tend to distrust their subordinates they believe employees do not applaud their work and that need to be controlled. Theory X is about the views managers seduce on their workforce.Theory Y managers believe that employees do enjoy their work and they want to contribute ideas and effort. Theory Y manager is more in all likelihood to involve employees in decisionsWhy do leader adopt contrasting styles?Fiedl er argued that it is easier to change someones role or power, or to modify the job he has to do, than to change his leadership style. He pitch that it is difficult for people to change their leadership styles an autocrat will endlessly lead in n autocratic style. Fiedler suggested that a business should onset what he called leadership match to find a leader to fit the situation. Leader can either be task orientated or relationship orientatedHersey and Blanchard argued that a leaders strategy should not only take account of the situation, but also the maturity of those who are led. A leader will have task behaviour or relationship behaviour.