Biography of Erik Erikson Essay

A few years after Eriks birth, her scram took him to a local jewish pediatrician, Dr. Theodor Homburger for a treatment of minor illness. His set close and the pediatrician eventually fell in love. He quickly essential a sense that any(prenominal)thing was wrong his mformer(a) and father were Jewish his witness physical appearance was clearly Scandinavian. later on on he prime the truth about his heritage, his identity crisis was worsened. Rejecting his stepfathers plea to become physician. He went to Europe and enrolled in art school and eager to learn about culture and history. He returned home at the age of 25 alert to settle down and teach art for a life sentence.Erikson was asked by his source high school friend Peter Blos to join him as a teacher in Experimental Nursery school in capital of Austria where he met Anna Freud and her famous father Sigmund Freud. Anna Freud was trying to convert psychoanalytic enliven in childhood experiences of adult. Erikson shared her pioneering interest and was eventually trained by her as a child analyst. Erikson was still unsure to earn his living a psychoanalyst because still wanted to paint and draw. merely, he began to fancy a connection between psychoanalysis and art. He observed that childrens dream and piddle a direction involve important visual images that only later are translated into words in therapy.Concepts and PrinciplesEriksons position represents a systematic extension of Freuds view of the role of ego in personality functioning. Erikson is a Freudian ego-psychologist.Erikson proposed that ego often operates independently of id emotions and motivation. self functions to religious service individual adapt to challenges presented by the surrounding.Ego PsychologyEmphasized the integration of biological and psychosocial forces in determination of personality functioning.Epi genetic PrincipleThe idea that pitying sustainment is governed by a sequence of maps that depend on genetic or her editary factors This principle says that we develop through a influence unfolding of our personalities in eight spots. Our progress through each re-create is in part determined by our succeeder, or lack of success crisis, in all the previous stages. Crisis defined as the crucial effect in every stage.chastity inherent strength or dynamic quality human qualities or strength emerge from successful termination of crisis.Psychosocial Development Stages of Ego DevelopmentStageBasic ConflictVirtueImportant EventsOutcomeInfancy (birth to 18 months)Trust vs. Mistrust look forward toFeedingChildren develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust. Early Childhood (2 to 3 years) self-reliance vs. Shame and DoubtWILLToilet TrainingChildren read to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. conquest leads to feelings of autonomy, visitation results in feelings of shame and doubt. Preschool/Play be on (3 to 5 years)Initiative vs. GuiltPURPOSEExplorationChildren need to cast down asserting control and force play over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of aspire. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of wrong. School Age (6 to 11 years)Industry vs. InferiorityCOMPETENCESchoolChildren need to cope with tonic social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority. Adolescence (12 to 18 years)Identity vs. Role ConfusionFIDELITY fond RelationshipsTeens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role cloudiness and a weak sense of self. Young Adulthood (19 to 40 years) niggardliness vs. IsolationLOVERelationshipsYoung adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while fai lure results in loneliness and isolation. ticker Adulthood (40 to 65 years)Generativity vs. StagnationCAREWork and ParenthoodAdults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of utility and accomplishment, while failureresults in shallow involvement in the world. Maturity(65 to death)Ego Integrity vs. DespairWISDOMReflection on Life one-time(a) adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.Strengths and Weaknesses of Erik Eriksons TheoryStrengthsComprehensivenessIt addresses itself to wide variety of phenomenon both general and abnormal and seeks to biological, social, cultural and historical factors.Heuristic ValueWithin Psychology, Eriksons work has contributed directly to lifespan psychology and the development of adult psychology . utilize ValueEriksons work has practical impact in the field of force of child psychology and psychiatry, counseling, education and social work. WeaknessesMale BiasErik Erikson articulated psychosocial stage describes the life cycle hallmarks of white, western society and may non apply well to other cultures or even to our own at present/present time. Eriksons positive outcome (such as autonomy, initiative, industry) virtues (such as will, purpose and competence) are frequently seen as characteristics of healthy male development. And his negative ones, (doubt, guilt and inferiority) are seen as reflecting unhealthy female development. Gilligans studies of girl and womens development suggest different positive values emerge in healthy development. Connection, responsibility, and care replace autonomy, mastery and power.Precision and TestabilityEriksons hypothesis fails to meet the criterion of precision and testability. He defined the concept of ego to sustain sameness and continuity in the face of changing fate. ostensibly the concept is extremely complex and does not readily precise measurement.Therapy/ operation of Erik Eriksons TheoryResearchErikson believed that social and historical factors affect the brass of ego identity, which in turn affects the nature of the personality. One such causa of the work of social factors in personality development is the womens movement. Studies train found that most adolescent women today include a line of achievement orientation as part of their ego identity. Research in the field of force of identity crisis show that this stage may begin around 12 and be resolved by the time a person is 18. However, for some people, identity may not occur until as late as age 24.Erikson believed that people in the maturity and old age stage of psychosocial development spend time recalling and examining their life, accepting or regretting past choices. However one study showed no significant differences between younger ad ults compared to cured adults in reported frequency of life reflections. However, younger people active in reflection to gain self-insight and find solutions to current problems, while fourth-year people utilise reflection of their past to evaluate their livesPlay TherapyErikson used play therapy to conduct research on his theory, foc development on what he called play construction. In his studies, boys and girls constructed a scene for an imaginary movie using dolls, toy animals, automobiles, and wooden blocks. Girls tended to build low enclosures, while boys focused on exteriors, action, and height. Based on biological differences, according to Erikson girls build low enclosures in which people are walled in, and boys would build towers. Research today still persists that tralatitious gender stereotyping between girls and boys exists. Girls typically play with dolls, jewelry, and toy kitchen implements, while boys play with trucks, soldiers, and guns.Our greatest weakness lies in giving up. The most certain way to succeed is always to try just one more time. And anyone who has neer made a mistake has never tried anything new